Solid state relay SSR internal circuit
Typical circuits for power control include SSR (solid state relay) switching circuit, zero voltage switching on/off control circuit, bidirectional thyristor phase control circuit, and transistor DC voltage control circuit.
The SSR is an electronic switch that outputs an on/off according to the presence or absence of current at the input. It has a long life and high reliability compared to relays with mechanical contacts.
The internal circuit of the SSR is shown in the figure. If a DC voltage is applied to its input terminal, a current flows through the LED in the photocoupler, and the LED emits light. When the phototransistor PT receives the LED and the PT is turned on, the DC voltage signal triggers the bidirectional transistor through the BG1, SCR and D1-D4 in the zero voltage switching circuit to turn it on, and the load has current.
A flange can also be a plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened to the pipe. A blind flange is a plate for covering or closing the end of a pipe. A flange joint is a connection of pipes, where the connecting pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted together.
Although the word flange generally refers to the actual raised rim or lip of a fitting, many flanged plumbing fittings are themselves known as 'flanges':
There are many different flange standards to be found worldwide. To allow easy functionality and interchangeability, these are designed to have standardised dimensions. Common world standards include ASA/ASME (USA), PN/DIN (European), BS10 (British/Australian), and JIS/KS (Japanese/Korean). In the USA, ANSI stopped publishing B16.5 in 1996, and the standard is ASME B16.5
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