Advantages and Disadvantages of OLED and LCD, Differences Between OLED and LCD

Organic Light-EmitTIng Diode (UIV OLED) is also known as Organic Electroluminescence Display (UIV OLED). It is a different type of illumination principle than liquid crystal display (LCD). OLED was discovered by the Chinese-American professor Ching W. Tang in the laboratory in 1979, and the research on OLED was carried out. OLED display technology has the advantages of self-illumination, wide viewing angle, almost infinite contrast, low power consumption, and extremely high reaction speed. However, the price (large display panel), life, and resolution cannot match the LCD monitor.

The LCD is constructed by placing a liquid crystal cell in two parallel glass substrates, a TFT (thin film transistor) on the lower substrate glass, a color filter on the upper substrate glass, and liquid crystal molecules controlled by signal and voltage changes on the TFT. The direction of rotation is such that the polarization of each pixel is controlled to be emitted or not for display purposes.

LCDs and OLEDs are two completely different display technologies that are currently widely used in smartphones and flat panel TVs. In addition, there are old technologies like plasma that have existed in the TV field, but they have disappeared. At present, most users can only choose between these two display panel products, and if you don't know how to choose, this article will tell you some basic knowledge and tell you the difference between LCD and OLED, and tell you How to strike a balance between demand and budget.

LCD display

The entire LCD is called Liquid Crystal Display, which creates a variety of colors based on white light passing through the color filter. The white light forms a basic color such as red, green, and blue after passing, and controls the color of each pixel by controlling the over-light ratio of each pixel.

In the LCD display, it is very difficult to completely shield the white light from displaying black. There will always be some or more light leakage, which is why the real black cannot be displayed on most night display screens. s reason.

Passive and active matrix

LCD displays have been in use since the 1980s and have been used for the first time on "portable computers." These screens have a "matrix" array of pixels and are divided into active and passive matrices. The active matrix technology is more advanced and allows for finer control and faster switching speeds than passive matrices. Active matrix technology was first introduced using TFT-based matrix screens, but more variants have emerged, but they are basically the same working principle and the cost is decreasing.

LCD backlight

All LCD displays require some form of white backlighting, and backlighting technology continues to evolve over time. The purpose of the backlight is to have higher brightness, more uniform illumination, and make the display smaller, thinner, and lighter.

The LCD screen was originally used for CCFL backlighting, but has now been changed to LED backlighting. In addition, some LCD screens have not only used white backlights, but also combined with white LEDs of specific colors to achieve some more difficult purposes.

Although the backlights are all from the liquid crystal layer, most of the LED backlight sources come from the edge of the screen, usually at the border, and this design can make the screen thinner and flatter.

TV-like products are usually not as thick as the thickness requirements, so they use an overall uniform backlight, which can be more uniform and can be adjusted for local backlighting.

LCD IPS and PLS

The full name of IPS is In-Plane Switching (also known as Super TFT), which is a variant of the LCD display. IPS provides better color accuracy and a broader perspective. Ordinary LCD displays usually display the best fresh fruit just in front of the screen.

IPS can completely replicate color effects in a range of 178 degrees without any impact. And that's why most touch devices now use IPS displays. Yes, the traditional LCD display will have strange effects when pressed with your fingers. I believe everyone has had a similar experience.

At the same time, IPS technology itself has more improved versions, including Super-IPS (S-IPS), Advanced Super IPS (AS-IPS) and IPS-Pro, although not all IPS panels have the best results, but Overall, IPS is better than traditional LCD panels.

PLS (Plane Line Switching) is also a technology similar to IPS and is a patent of Samsung. Samsung said that this screen has better brightness and more efficient production costs, but it is still uncertain, because the absolute leader of IPS display on the market is LG.

LCD+ quantum dots

Quantum dots are a technique that increases the color and hue of LCD displays, and semiconductor nanobody quantum dots can absorb specific spectra, which usually depend on their size. This property can be used/created with better colors such as red, green and blue, which will give the user a more saturated color.

Quantum dot technology has recently been enthusiastically sought after by the market, and even has the strength and the latest technology OLEDs. However, quantum dot technology is currently only found in high-end LCD TVs, but I believe it will become more popular over time.

OLED screen

OLED stands for Organic Light EmitTIng Diodes, and each pixel itself emits light without the need for a separate backlight or color filter. Each OLED pixel can be assigned red, green, and blue colors, and now manufacturers have added yellow, but the principles are the same.

Due to the special properties of the OLED, it is not necessary to cover the light source like the LCD when displaying black, but only the pixel is extinguished and not illuminated. And that's why OLED displays bring true "black." The black color of the OLED is very deep, the contrast is extremely high, and even an amazing effect can be produced if compared with elements such as white.

OLED technology first appeared in the lab in 1987, and has now become a very popular technology in the field of smart phones. Because the OLED screen is one layer less than the LCD screen, the thickness is controlled to be thinner, which is especially important for mobile devices. For TV products, whether to choose OLED products depends on the user's preferences. However, we believe that the ultra-thin OLED is not a decisive advantage for LCD TVs.

One-to-one comparison

Due to the differences in basic properties, we can look at the direct comparison between imaging techniques of two different principles, giving users a more intuitive experience.

Black level: OLED wins

The black level refers to the extent to which the picture can be "black" when the darkest color is displayed. Since technologies such as LCD, DLP, or projection rely on filtering or shielding from white light, it is very difficult to display true black. In fact, it can be said that the LCD screen can not bring true black at all, after all, the shadowing effect is good, there will still be some light leakage. On the other hand, due to the self-illumination principle, OLEDs can bring true black as long as the illumination mechanism is turned off.

Contrast: OLED wins

Contrast refers to the difference between the brightest white and the darkest black, while LCDs have an advantage in brightness (especially in HDR mode), while OLEDs have the deepest black. In general, OLED displays typically have higher contrast because the advantage at the black level will amplify this difference.

Perspective: OLED wins

Perhaps the best IPS screens are comparable to OLED displays, but most LCD screens are not as good as IPS (especially TVs and smartphones), so in addition to the top IPS display, In contrast to the OLED, the LCD panel has a slightly worse viewing angle. In the face of OLED TV, regardless of the audience sitting at that angle, you can see the content on the screen with high quality feeling.

Color gamut: OLED wins

In terms of paper parameters, the advantages of OLED in the color gamut are not obvious, mainly because the LCD panel now introduces quantum dot technology. Basically, the best LG OLED TVs and Samsung's top quantum dot LCD TVs are comparable in color gamut performance.

However, usually only the best LCD TVs are comparable to OLED TVs, so overall color gamut performance is better.

Brightness level: LCD wins

Since LCD TVs typically use separate backlighting, they generally provide better brightness. In reality, the best LCD and OLED have a difference of about 400 NIT in brightness. In general, the LCD is superior in brightness level. Be aware that higher brightness will give the screen a better look in the outdoors or during the day.

HDR

HDR mode can increase brightness by 1000 to 10,000 NIT, while HDR-capable OLED TVs are comparable in brightness to LCD TVs. However, some Sony LCD TVs can increase the brightness to 1000 to 1300 NIT, so overall, LCD TVs are brighter.

Color uniformity: OLED wins

Whether or not it is possible to display various colors on a single plane in a uniform manner is a very important indicator. Since the backlight of the LCD screen usually comes from the edge, it is relatively uniform in terms of uniformity of illumination. Discrete backlights provide better results if the backlight is evenly spread behind the screen.

On the other hand, OLEDs perform much better in this respect, since each pixel can emit light by itself, so no light source diffusion is required. In real life, even OLED displays are not completely unified, and even flexible OLEDs appear, but overall it is still better than LCD.

Power consumption: LCD wins

At the same brightness level, LCDs consume less energy than OLEDs. This is a problem we have to face. For mobile devices, higher brightness means better visibility outdoors, while products like TV only need to have enough brightness during the day.

On the other hand, the power consumption of an OLED panel depends on how many pixels are there, so a higher resolution OLED screen consumes more power.

Cost efficiency: LCD wins

At present, LCD is the lowest cost display, but OLED technology is constantly being optimized with continuous progress and time. At present, the specific cost rate is still unclear, but in the future, OLED technology will continue to improve, and eventually it will continue to optimize and reduce the cost, and eventually it will be comparable to LCD.

Summary: OLED is best, but still needs development

In general, OLED has won a great victory in the comparison of image quality parameters, so the future can be said to be a development trend of future display technology. However, OLEDs are still limited by production costs, and the size has also encountered bottlenecks. Unless you have special requirements for the specific parameters of brightness, OLEDs are better than LCDs in most of the display parameters.

However, the cost is also an aspect that has to be considered. The smart phone is okay. If a large-sized display device such as a TV is used, the price of the OLED is almost several times that of the LCD. So how to choose, but also look at your wallet.

Oled display technology is considered to be a display technology close to the ideal effect, and is now a replacement for the popular LCD liquid crystal display technology. Therefore, to understand OLED display technology, we must carefully understand the main difference between OLED display technology and LCD liquid crystal display technology.

In fact, the OLEDs that are now being replaced replace the LCD topic, mainly referring to the active-driven TFT-AMOLED technology to replace the TFT-LCD technology. Both are active drive technologies, and the thin film transistor circuit structure is used in the drive technology. However, due to the stage differences between the two technical systems, the display performance, product process, applicable conditions, and cost factors of OLED and LCD are greatly different.

First of all, in terms of display performance, OLED is much better than LCD technology: mainly including OLED achieves 3-5 times the contrast of LCD, over 40% of LCD technology, OLED has perfect viewing angle experience, with LCD over Thousand times of response speed, higher unit power consumption, true black display, higher dynamic resolution at the same physical pixel density, and one-third LCD screen thickness (theoretically OLED can be manufactured 1) Millimeter thickness TV). It can be said that in the main display indicators, OLED does not have that one lower than LCD products. If you really want to find some technical deficiencies, it is mainly reflected in the life factor (current LCD life is significantly higher than OLED products, which is the only advantage of LCD technology and OLED) - but OLED life The level is also constantly improving.

Second in product technology, OLED technology has lower material consumption and fewer engineering steps. This is the most important reason people believe that OLED will become the LCD replacement technology. In addition to material and process requirements that are nearly 1/3 lower than LCDs, OLED processing is much simpler than LCDs. According to relevant information, the OLED display requires 86 processing steps, while the LCD screen requires more than 200 processes.

From the product structure, the LCD display product must include three components: backlight assembly (light source, light guide plate, reflector, diffuser, prism and frame), LCD array and TFT driver. The OLED display technology only needs the oled array and the TFT driver. The structure difference between the TFT driving parts of the two is not large, mainly because the materials and processes of the thin film transistors may be different, but they can be manufactured without the difference and using the same technology and materials. In terms of major and new material LCD and OLED arrays, the solid nature of OLEDs makes the overall structure and process flow simpler.

Third, OLEDs also have great advantages in terms of adaptation conditions. OLEDs are solid displays, which are different from the liquid properties of LCDs, so they are less sensitive to temperature and pressure and can accommodate a wider range of temperature and pressure environments. OLEDs have a viewing angle that is more than double that of LCDs, making OLEDs suitable for a wider range of viewing angle applications. OLED is an autonomous light-emitting product, especially in black, and suitable for higher brightness. Therefore, in the dark, or under the bright conditions, it is eager to create a device with an ideal display effect.

On the other hand, OLED products can be fabricated in a variety of bases - this is due to the fact that OLEDs are solid-display features, so OLEDs can be fabricated into specialty display products such as flexible display devices and transparent display devices. In addition, the OLED itself has a simple structure, but it can also play its unique advantages on the near-eye display (helmet sighting device).

Fourth, it is another huge advantage of OLED, that is, cost. As mentioned above, OLEDs have advantages over LCDs in terms of product structure, process, and material consumption, which in fact can constitute a predictable cost advantage.

At the same time, the production line of OLED panels can be rebuilt on the basis of reproducing some LCD production lines, thereby saving half of the investment, and also making the LCD production line that has not reached the end of life not wasted. This feature makes OLEDs not like channels for manufacturers, but more like LCD upgrades. This feature is conducive to the rapid growth of the OLED industry in the early stage. The accumulated capacity of the LCD industry and the large-scale high-generation process technology can be inherited and developed very well in the OLED era.

From a technical point of view, OLED has many advantages over LCD. The only life problem is not a big problem: the lifetime of 10,000-hour OLED products is enough to be accepted by the market. In the industrial process, the final price of a 55-inch color 3D TV set that may be listed in 2012 will not exceed 8,000 US dollars, which is far lower than the 28,000 US dollars when the first 60-inch LCD TV was launched. According to LG, the actual price of OLED products in 2018 is lower than LCD products.

Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of LCD and OLED can only get one conclusion: OLED replaces LCD is only a matter of time!

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