Breakthroughs for small and medium-sized energy-saving lamps companies

Looking back at the changes of upstream and downstream enterprises in 2007, we can find that: Op has firmly embarked on the popular brand journey, Huatai extended product line to implement sub-brand strategy; Hangzhou NVC Lighting launched the Huace lighting chain, Changsha dumb bar lighting development chain Scale purchases reduce costs... A small number of transformed companies are advancing by leaps and bounds, and most unchanging companies are advancing in a smooth pace, and companies that cannot keep up with the pace of industry development have disappeared.

"Change is to find death, not to wait for death"! However, in today's increasingly fierce competition in the industry, only change can break through. Whether it is an upstream enterprise or a downstream distributor, all of you ask yourself: change, or change?

This is a consciousness that determines the future fate of the company.

A circulator is a passive non-reciprocal three- or four-port device, in which a microwave or radio frequency signal entering any port is transmitted to the next port in rotation (only).

Applications

Isolator

When one port of a three-port circulator is terminated in a matched load, it can be used as an isolator, since a signal can travel in only one direction between the remaining ports.^[12] An isolator is used to shield equipment on its input side from the effects of conditions on its output side; for example, to prevent a microwave source being detuned by a mismatched load.

Duplexer

In radar, circulators are used as a type of duplexer, to route signals from the transmitter to the antenna and from the antenna to the receiver, without allowing signals to pass directly from transmitter to receiver. The alternative type of duplexer is a transmit-receive switch (TR switch) that alternates between connecting the antenna to the transmitter and to the receiver. The use of chirped pulses and a high dynamic range may lead to temporal overlap of the sent and received pulses, however, requiring a circulator for this function.

In the future-generation cellular communication, people talk about full-duplex radios, where signals can be simultaneously transmitted and received at the same frequency. Given the currently limited, crowded spectrum resource, full-duplexing can directly benefit the wireless communication by twice of the data throughput speed. Currently, the wireless communication is still performed with "half-duplex", where either the signals are transmitted or received at different time frames, if at the same frequency (typically in radar), or the signals are simultaneously transmitted and received at different frequencies (realized by a set of filters called a diplexer).

Reflection amplifier

A reflection amplifier is a type of microwave amplifier circuit utilizing negative differential resistance diodes such as tunnel diodes and Gunn diodes. Negative differential resistance diodes can amplify signals, and often perform better at microwave frequencies than two-port devices. However, since the diode is a one-port (two terminal) device, a nonreciprocal component is needed to separate the outgoing amplified signal from the incoming input signal. By using a 3-port circulator with the signal input connected to one port, the biased diode connected to a second, and the output load connected to the third, the output and input can be uncoupled.

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