Low cost CCR charging circuit schematic for rechargeable battery
Overview:
Charging has always been a challenging problem for single-cell Li-Ion batteries commonly found in portable devices such as cell phones, digital still cameras (DSCs), music players, etc., because both specific application requirements and security are required. And trouble-free charging operation. This article will discuss how to use ON Semiconductor's constant current regulator (CCR) for low-cost charging circuits in rechargeable batteries, providing a simple controller to terminate charging.
Battery Type and Charging Technology The three most common types of rechargeable batteries are nickel metal hydride (NiMH), nickel cadmium (NiCad) and lithium ion (Li- ion). The battery charging rate is indicated by the letter "C". "C" defines a battery capacity of 1.0 hour. For example, a battery rated at 800 mAh (mAh) can be charged at 0.5 C, so charging the battery fully requires charging at 400 mA for more than 2 hours. Figure 1 is a basic block diagram of a charging circuit.
Figure 1: Basic block diagram of the charging circuit
1) Nickel-metal hydride and nickel-cadmium batteries Nickel-metal hydride batteries are rated at 1.2 V/section and should be charged at voltages up to 1.5-1.6 V/k. There are several different techniques that can be used to determine when to interrupt charging, including: peak voltage detection, negative delta voltage, delta temperature (dT/dt), temperature threshold, and timer. For high-end chargers, these technologies are likely to be used in combination with one charger.
The CCR charger is a peak voltage detection circuit that terminates charging at a predetermined peak and provides a suitable solution for charging the above battery. Its predetermined peak voltage is 1.5 V / knot, which can charge the battery to about 97%. Nickel-cadmium batteries can be charged using this circuit. Its performance is very similar to that of NiMH batteries, so this method is very suitable.
2) Lithium-ion battery For lithium-ion batteries, the usual charging method is to charge the battery to 4.2 V/section by trickle charging at 0.5C to 1C. During the charging process, the temperature rise of the lithium-ion battery should be kept below 5 °C, and a higher temperature rise indicates that self-ignition may be caused. During the charging cycle of the charging part, the battery temperature rises the most and is most likely to spontaneously ignite. Due to this problem, high-end charging can use smart ICs (such as ON Semiconductor's NCP1835B) to monitor and control the charging process of lithium-ion batteries.
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