New architecture of automotive hybrid: full analysis of dual-motor full-function hybrid system
As the global environment deteriorates, the new energy automobile industry is booming. Global auto companies have launched various new energy vehicles. Recently, Volkswagen, GM, Honda, BMW, BYD, and Geely have also launched hybrid models. It can be said that the hybrid has entered a hundred schools of thought. The era, the main trend of the development of hybrid powertrain power systems. The premise is that selective development based on these new energy technologies has an efficient energy management system, especially the hybrid technology that represents the development trend of new energy for small and medium-sized cars.
Hybrid technology requires refined energy management, maintaining the engine in a high-efficiency range for a longer period of time, and efficiently and adequately recovering the energy of deceleration and braking. Hybrid devices include both series and parallel features. The emergence of hybrid power is to store the remaining energy of the engine under low load conditions in the battery, and then release it through the motor when the vehicle is running under high load conditions, so that the engine can run as much as possible under high efficiency conditions. The original intention of reducing fuel consumption, energy saving and emission reduction. For hybrid vehicles, clutches, transmissions, drive shafts, and differentials are essential, and these components are not only lightweight, but also make the structure of the vehicle more complicated. At the same time, the more parts, the higher the failure rate. problem.
In the hybrid technology, the hybrid from Toyota started with a single row of planetary wheels. For more than a decade, Toyota only used a planetary gear set. The weak hybrid system directly connects the motor to the crankshaft. It also means that it cannot be driven purely. The drawback is that the engine and the motor cannot guarantee to work at the same time. Honda's hybrid is "series + engine direct drive" plus clutch, the principle of this mechanism is simple, rough and complicated, just a method of burying a motor between the traditional engine and the traditional gearbox is certainly not enough. The versatile hybrid technology combines the strengths of the two but is relatively complex. It consists of two sets of motors, two sets of planet wheels and three sets of clutches. There are four main power output modes, pure electric mode (low load condition), hybrid drive mode (normal running), hybrid drive mode (medium speed), and brake power generation mode (deceleration-brake). Two planetary gears have been used, with three clutches. It sounds complicated, but it is really complicated.
For the plug-in hybrid power, it is recognized that the new energy vehicle can obtain electric energy through the power grid. It has the advantages of high energy efficiency, low emission and long cruising range, and has become a hot spot for major automobile companies. It is regarded as the most promising new one. Energy vehicles, which can be charged from the grid, although this is a simple change, traditional hybrid vehicles can only be called energy-saving cars, and plug-in hybrid vehicles can be called new energy vehicles, to control the reliability of the motor. The power and running accuracy requirements are also very high. It is a dual planetary gear train dual-motor hybrid system. The most direct benefits of such multiple working modes and fine control, hybrid, range extender, pure electric vehicle, etc. The hybrid technology of the new technology in the field of hybrid technology has made the mixing more and more intense. Engines and battery motors have their own strengths. We want to make the engine as fixed as possible at the lowest fuel consumption speed, and use the high torque output characteristics of the battery motor when additional power is needed.
In summary, multi-functional, multi-purpose, light-mix, deep-mix, plug-in, pure electric cover full-featured crossover vehicles, hybrid electric vehicle power system can not be separated from the dual planetary gear train structure, it has a slowdown The multi-dynamic coupling and the function of the clutch can be achieved by the use of the lock brake. As long as the lock brake is properly used, the overall automatic shifting hybrid system can obtain multiple solutions. In the implementation of the electric multi-motor multi-gear automatic transmission system, the complicated structure is changed to simple construction, and the drive mode has multiple uses. Let's try to use the electric vehicle multi-motor multi-gear automatic transmission system in the power system of the hybrid electric vehicle. The engine main shaft is coupled with the inner ring gear of the first stage planetary gear train, the coupling of the first stage star wheel frame is coupled with the sun gear of the second stage planetary gear train, and the MG1 motor/generator and the first The sun gears of the planetary gear train are coupled, the MG2 motor is coupled with the inner ring gear of the second planetary gear train, and the star train of the second planetary gear train is coupled with the output shaft differential. The two-motor full-function hybrid system is combined to achieve the following functions in different drive modes:
1. MG1 motor/generator starts engine and power generation modeRelease S1, S4, lock S2, S3, so that the transmission shaft of the first stage planetary gear train and the sun gear in the second stage planetary gear train is fixed and does not rotate, and the MG1 motor/generator is turned on. The sun gear rotates to transmit the planetary gears, and the planetary gears drive the ring gear to the engine start. After the engine rotates, the MG1 motor/generator can generate electricity to charge the battery pack, and the engine can be set at the optimal speed, the optimal torque and Work in the best fuel consumption state.
After starting the engine according to the first item, lock S3 and release S4. The reverse speed of the MG1 motor/generator is relatively consistent with the speed at the time of power generation. The engine participates in the start, completely avoiding the low-speed running range of the engine and keeping it in the engine. At a constant speed of power generation, the MG1 motor/generator gradually reduces the reverse speed to zero and then rotates in the forward direction, driving the wheel through the coupling to the output shaft differential by driving or accelerating simultaneously with the engine. The car started, and the MG1 motor/generator gradually reduced from the reversal speed to zero and then converted to positive rotation and continuously increased the speed. This is the process of car acceleration. In the case where the acceleration requirements are not too high, the gasoline engine and the electric motor are coupled to each other to provide a vehicle starting performance comparable to that of a gasoline engine. When braking, the MG1 motor/generator can recover most of this energy and temporarily store it for acceleration, and it can achieve better acceleration performance at high speed. Thereby more efficient use of the engine's efficient working conditions, to achieve more fuel-efficient purposes.
After starting the engine according to the second item, S1, S2, S3, and S4 are all released. The reverse speed of the MG1 motor/generator is the same as the speed at the time of power generation. When the engine maintains the power generation speed, the MG1 motor/generator reverse speed is set. Gradually lowering to zero will lock S4. At this time, the engine drives the vehicle to travel. When the MG1 motor/generator reverse speed gradually decreases to zero, the MG2 motor also increases the speed from the standstill and the car starts to accelerate. After that, the MG2 motor and engine hybrid variable speed drive car. This is a high-speed road, dual-power direct drive vehicle, can always work in the best working state, MG2 motor can recover most of this energy during braking, and temporarily store it for acceleration, no power waste problem.
After starting the engine according to the first item, S1, S2, and S4 are all released, and the S3 is continuously locked, so that the transmission shaft of the first stage planetary gear train and the sun gear of the second stage planetary gear train are coupled. Fixed without rotation, cutting off the relationship between the two-stage planetary gear trains to make them operate. The MG1 motor/generator reverse speed is the same as the speed at the time of power generation. When the engine maintains the power generation speed, the MG1 motor/generator reverse speed is gradually reduced to zero and then forward rotation. At the same time, the MG2 motor is also continuously improved from static. Speed ​​(release S3), the car starts to accelerate. Throughout the process, the MG1 motor and the MG2 motor are respectively rotated in opposite directions to drive the vehicle to start. When the dual motor and the engine are in rapid acceleration, the motor and the engine can drive the wheels together to achieve maximum power output. MG1 motor/generator configuration power is smaller than MG2 motor power, and each of the two electric machines has a suitable gear ratio. Together with the two coupled superimposed gear ratios, multiple gears can be used. Corresponding to the speed, each motor is used in the high-speed range of the speed range, and the energy is recovered as much as possible in the high-efficiency area, and the cruising range is greatly improved. In this mode, the dual motor and the engine can participate in acceleration together, the acceleration is also the largest, the acceleration time is the shortest, the super acceleration capability is the strongest, and the highest speed is reached. As the external load changes, the driving force of the motor is always balanced with the driving resistance, thus working in a high efficiency zone. The power system is more flexible in regulating the power output of the internal combustion engine and the operation of the motor depending on the operating conditions. Full-featured hybrid technology is still the latest hybrid technology with higher reliability. The electric control system detects the running condition of the vehicle through torque sensing in real time to determine whether the engine needs to participate in the driving, and thus decides whether to use pure electric driving, hybrid driving or direct engine driving mode to finely manage energy consumption, and is not subject to the vehicle. The speed limit can further improve the economy at high speed, and at the same time, it can get better acceleration performance. Thereby more efficient use of the engine's efficient working conditions, to achieve more fuel-efficient purposes. It is a perfect combination.
S2, S4 are released, lock S1, S3, start, stop, speed of MG1 motor/generator, brake feedback power generation, and temporarily store it for acceleration and reuse. Power operates in a reasonable gear ratio. MG1 motor/generator configuration power is less than MG2 motor power, especially suitable for urban roads. In the occasions where the acceleration requirements are not too high and light load, the vehicle is more, more people, slower, and traffic lights start and stop more frequently. Driving on the road.
For the future development of the extended program technology, there is still controversy from the academic circle to the industry. The emergence of the extended program technology is a supplement to the shortage of new energy vehicles. The focus of the dispute is on whether the extended range technology is environmentally friendly, and whether the extended range technology will lose its value with the advancement of power battery technology. Whether or not to position the range technology as a transitional technology is also worth considering. If the extension program is an independent development direction, then its development prospects are. These problems require a technical development answer, a practical dual-motor multi-range engine hybrid variable speed drive extended range mode.
After starting the engine according to the first item, the MG2 motor continuously increases the speed from the standstill and the car starts to accelerate. S3 is kept locked, that is, the two sets of planetary gear trains are separated from each other. MG1 motor/generator power generation and MG2 motor drive do not interfere with each other, start, stop, speed is fast, the whole driving process is driven by MG2 motor, medium and high speed The feedback brake is used to recover the MG2 motor, charge the battery pack, and temporarily store it for acceleration. Through the optimization of the control system, the engine can always work at the optimal speed. Even when the charging is inconvenient, the fuel consumption in the traffic jam in the city is relatively low, and the engine noise can be controlled to be very small. In the extended range mode, there is no “mileage anxietyâ€, and the engine can be controlled at the optimal speed, the fuel consumption is low, the noise is small, and the vibration is small, the engine can be kept in the best working condition, the power is good, and the emission is very low. . And the source of electrical energy is the engine, just add fuel.
Consumers familiar with pure electric vehicles will understand that pure electric vehicles have excellent performance at low and medium speeds, quiet, economical and performance, but at high speeds, the price/performance ratio of pure electric vehicles will become very low, and the increase in resistance will allow pure electric The car's power consumption rate increases exponentially.
The transmission ratio of the star carrier to the output shaft of the MG1 motor/generator and the second-stage planetary gear train is that the transmission ratio between the star carrier and the output shaft of the MG2 motor and the second-stage planetary gear train is large, and the MG1 motor/generator MG2 The motor participates in the start and drives according to different needs. The four states are respectively; MG1 motor/generator reversal and electric MG2 machine forward rotation, MG1 motor/generator forward rotation, electric MG2 machine forward rotation, MG1 The motor/generator and the electric MG2 machine are rotating forward. Higher drive efficiency and more gears and a wider gear ratio can be achieved, which reduces the power and speed class requirements of MG motors. The climbing is powerful, and the medium and high speed is strong enough.
Consumers familiar with pure electric vehicles will understand that the motor can output the maximum starting torque just at the start. The performance of pure electric vehicles at medium and low speeds is excellent, quiet, economical, and performance, but at high speed, pure electric vehicles. The price/performance ratio will become low, and the torque will gradually decrease with the gradual increase of the rotational speed. The increase of the resistance will increase the power consumption rate of the pure electric vehicle by a multiple. When the car is under acceleration or heavy load conditions,
In this system device, the transmission ratio of the star carrier to the output shaft of the MG1 motor/generator and the second-stage planetary gear train is that the transmission ratio between the star carrier and the output shaft of the MG2 motor and the second-stage planetary gear train is large. Without interrupting the power, the adaptive system changes with the external load, so that the driving force of the motor and the driving resistance are always balanced, thus working efficiently. The combination of MG1 motor/generator MG2 motor can obtain three gears, each with corresponding gear ratio, strong climbing, medium and high speed. The two motors work together and the two powers add up to very good start and acceleration performance.
In the battery pack, the power is insufficient. In order to avoid excessive power loss threshold of the battery pack, the rate of battery failure is not driven by the motor. In the cruise engine, the gasoline engine is used in this mode. The driver of the manual gear at speeds above 40KM/H knows that Above this speed, å·³ is pushed to the highest gear. Let the engine drive directly, you can always work in the best working mode, no power wasted. Depending on the speed during braking, the MG1 motor/generator MG2 motor separately or jointly feeds power and temporarily stores it for acceleration.
Engine dual-motor multi-gear hybrid variable speed drive This technology avoids the use of a large clutch and uses a relatively durable lock brake, which effectively reduces the number and weight of parts and reduces the number and time of future repairs. The most simple structure is adopted in different gears and eight modes. No matter the electrical system and hydraulic control system can get the simplest configuration, the engine and motor can work in the high efficiency zone in various states. The system can more flexibly adjust the power output of the internal combustion engine and the operation of the motor according to the working conditions. The controller can control the vehicle according to different needs at a glance. The drive system has a deeper expansion after deep integration with intelligent electronic control strategy, and is suitable for various types of hybrids such as HEV/PHEV/EREV. It is the most needed combination of modern cars, and the hybrid powertrain of the performance is a perfect combination. Adding a satellite friction ring type CVT is even more powerful.
In theory, the engine dual-motor multi-gear hybrid variable speed drive has come up with the most comprehensive and synthetic strong hybrid technology in history, and it can already have the capital of Japanese hybrid and general hybrid technology. The strength of this hybrid technology, with the power of the wild, calmly face more and more stringent emission regulations.
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