The purpose of using the equalizer is mainly to correct the inherent defects of the equipment (mainly speakers), adjust the sound field, correct the sound defects of the use environment, suppress the howling, and create a sound expression style.
Both the graphic equalizer and the parametric equalizer can play these roles, but the convenience is different from the strength of the function; forcing the equalizer into the sound field equalizer and the room equalizer seems to be inappropriate, but the agreement Customized, the industry is accustomed to this name according to different usage requirements.
Although the principle of the balanced design of the pre-brands of the brands is the same, the settings are quite different, and it is difficult to elaborate them one by one. Lenge's digital pre-effects K-5000 is taken as an example. The pre-stage design includes: 12-parameter equalization of the music input end, 12-parameter equalization of the microphone input end, 5-band graphic equalization of the echo effect, 5-band graphic equalization of the reverb effect, and 9-parameter equalization of the eight-way output. Let's discuss the use of the predecessor in a question and answer manner.
1. How to deal with low frequency turbid music?
There are various reasons for the low-frequency turbidity of playing music, which may be caused by a sound defect in the room. It may also be due to the equipment itself (mainly speakers).
The best way to solve the low-frequency turbidity of music is to improve the sound layout of the room, replace or modify the defective speakers, and sometimes just adjust the position of the speakers to get better results.
When you can't get the best results after prioritizing the previous problems, you need to make detailed adjustments to the relevant parameters of the effects, and you will get a good improvement.
To overcome the low frequency turbidity of playing music, we need to adjust the balance of the music input of the effect. Before the adjustment, the frequency response test can be performed by the instrument to find the "resonant frequency band" of the room, and then this part is appropriately attenuated.
If there is no test instrument, you can use the parameter balance at the output of the effect to test. The specific operation method is:
Arbitrarily select a frequency point on the parametric equalization in the low frequency band, set the Q value of this frequency point to about 0.6, set the attenuation amount to about 3 dB, and then move the frequency point. When the frequency is moved to a certain position and the low frequency turbidity is eliminated or improved, then this frequency band is the frequency band to be processed. At this time, gradually increase or decrease the attenuation, and increase the Q value (shrinking the width of the attenuation) until the best results are obtained.
The parametric equalization at the output handles the music and microphone synthesis signals. Adjusting it often takes care of it (the music and the microphone appear contradictory). After all the tests are completed, we must transplant the obtained approximate parameters into the equalization of the music input. Fine-tuning and restoring the output to its original state.
For small and medium-sized karaoke rooms, the turbidity of the low frequency band often occurs in the middle and low frequency bands rather than the true low frequency band. This turbid frequency band is often around 200 Hz. It is worth noting that the equalization of frequency attenuation and lifting should be as gentle as possible, for example: 125 Hz attenuation 0.5 db, 160 Hz attenuation 1.5 db, 200 Hz attenuation 3 db, 250 Hz attenuation 1.5 db, 315 Hz attenuation 0.5 db, five adjacent frequency points. The amount of attenuation constitutes a relatively smooth curve.
The turbidity in the low frequency band is sometimes caused by the power and control power of the power amplifier, because the lower the frequency, the greater the output power of the power amplifier. When the power reserve of the power amplifier is insufficient, the sound of the speaker will be unclean. It may also be the speaker's sound. The woofer suffers from low power and overload distortion. In this case, it is best to replace a better amplifier or speaker. If it can't be replaced, you can increase the low cut point position of the music, such as setting the low cut point to 60Hz or higher.
2, how to deal with low-frequency music performance?
The main reason why music shows low frequency weakness is the lack of power of the amplifier or the low frequency response of the speaker. Whether the low frequency of the music is good or not, the main evaluation system restores the frequency around 100 Hz. If the power of the power amplifier is insufficient due to insufficient power, it is better to sacrifice the low-frequency dive depth and shift the low-cut frequency of the pre-level music to save the power consumed by the ultra-low frequency band to ensure the power demand of the low frequency band.
If the problem lies in the speaker, nothing more than two situations:
One is that the Q value of the speaker system is low, the low frequency dive is good and the strength is insufficient. In this case, the 100Hz and adjacent frequency points of the music balance can be appropriately improved by the balance of the previous stage, for example: 80Hz boost 1db, 100Hz increase 2-3db, 125Hz increase 1db;
The second is that the Q value of the speaker system is too high, which causes the characteristics of the lower edge of the woofer to deteriorate, and the self-control is poor. The bad response at the upper end of the low frequency affects the performance of the low frequency. In this case, the upper frequency of the low frequency (160 Hz, 200 Hz, 315 Hz) is appropriately attenuated. It will help.
There are many other reasons for the low frequency of the music, such as the sound source itself, the environment, the quality of the preamp and the power amplifier, etc., the specific situation needs specific analysis, the right medicine.
3, the music performance is not supple, how to deal with "noisy"?
There are two main reasons why music shows "noisy": one is "distortion" for sputum; the other is the physiological curve.
"Distortion" caused "noisy" is not difficult to understand, when the music signal is registered in a large number of out-of-town signals, not noisy. The distortion of the replayed music is related to the equipment itself. The problem may be from the source, from the preamp and the amplifier, and more likely to be the speaker. The only way to get a "noisy" music due to distortion is to change the equipment.
What is the physiological curve? It is the balance of our physiological feelings. The physiology of the human ear has a large difference in loudness perception at different frequencies. The human ear is very sensitive to the sound of the mid-high band (1K-6.3KHz), and the response to high-pitched (10KHz) and low-pitched (100Hz) is quite sluggish at low sound pressure.
Car audio, ordinary home audio often design "equal loudness" function, the method is to properly compensate the bass and treble at low sound pressure, making the sense of hearing more balanced. Although the karaoke venue is a high-sound pressure replay music, the equal sound effect will be reduced, but the sound pressure in the middle and high frequency bands will be slightly noisy and noisy.
For the music performance under high sound pressure state, there are various treatment methods for each family. For example, the practice of a brand of speakers is to reverse the phase of the tweeter and the woofer, causing the depression of the middle and high frequency band connection zone. The phase deviation sensitivity is much lower than the deviation of the frequency response. There are also speaker brands in China.
The "noisy" of processing music performance on the pre-level can appropriately attenuate the mid-high frequency band through the music equalizer, and the key center frequency is 2.5KHz and 3.5KHz.
4, how to deal with the sound of metal sounds?
The "metal sound" that appears in music replay is different from "noisy". "Noisy" is the music that people often say is not tolerant. Most of the high-frequency reflection is caused by glass or hard decoration, and the frequency is concentrated in the upper part of the intermediate frequency. Metal sound is a kind of "scratch" sound. The most obvious feeling is that the vocal sounds in the replay music are very strong and sharp.
The metal sound is too strong, mainly because of the front stage, the power amplifier or the speaker itself. If the problem lies in the speaker, the frequency response test is easy to find that the sound pressure is high in the high frequency band (8KHz-10KHz band). In this case, the frequency band with a high sound pressure can be appropriately attenuated by the input music equalizer of the front stage. For example: 6.3KHz-1db, 8KHz-2db, 10KHz-0.5db.
Each preamplifier of the pre-stage is designed with BYPASS function. When the equalizer is adjusted, the mouse clicks the BYPASS button to convert the audition in real time, and understands the change of the sound before and after adjusting the parameters of the equalizer, and constantly corrects and perfects until the desired effect is achieved. .
5. Where does the adjustment of music balance start?
Before adjusting the music balance, the first thing we need to do is to select a few tracks that we are familiar with as the basis for listening. At the beginning of contact with the sound, we may lack the knowledge of music theory and musical instruments, and we can't distinguish the timbre difference between Erhu, Gaohu, Banhu, Coconut, and Matou. It is also different from the sounds of the horn, the clarinet and the saxophone. It is not a big deal to hear the zither and the guqin. It doesn't matter, we can choose the songs that we are familiar with. Everyone is familiar with the vocals. The frequency of the vocals is wide and the envelopes are rich. When the vocals are debugged, there will be 80%. It is difficult to hear the voices badly.
Using his own familiar songs as the basis for balanced debugging, first of all, based on a "quasi" word, Tengger can not be like Jiang Dawei, Song Zuying can not be like Han Hong; and then pursue the smoothness of the sound, balance, sound fluctuations and emotions Whether the expression is accurate.
The frequency component of the sound is quite complex, and it contains "fundamental frequency" and "overtone". The overtone is also a homophonic sound, which is a variety of multiplying sounds of the fundamental frequency (base frequency 1000Hz, overtones 2000, 4000, 8000Hz). When a large band plays the same track, the various instruments are unified in a "tune", which means that the "fundamental frequency" of various instruments is the same. So why can we distinguish the different instruments in the band?
The reason is that the harmonic components of various instruments are completely different. The xylophone of the same pitch is more abundant than the piano, and the overtones of the piano are much richer than the xylophone. The envelopes are also very different, because we can easily distinguish them.
We can clearly distinguish the voices of friends and family because each person's voice has a completely different overtone, that is, each person's tone is different. If you remove the harmonics from the vocals and leave only the pitch, even if your aunt's voice is absolutely indistinguishable, it is difficult for the poor phone to tell who the other party is. The reason is that the inferior phone has lost the overtone. .
Using vocals as the basis for balanced debugging, let us first understand the basic composition of vocals:
The approximate range of vocal fundamental frequencies is:
(1) Male voice 60-800Hz, female voice 80-1050Hz.
(2) The octave of the vocal overtone is around 2000 Hz, and the second and third harmonics respectively reach 4000 Hz and 8000 Hz, but are getting weaker.
(3) The vocal sound of the vocals is around 8000 Hz, and the harmonics of the lip-tooth can be as high as 16000 Hz. Although we can't hear the sound of 16000 Hz, our body can feel it. Through the voice of the human voice, we can find out what is wrong, we can adjust the balance of control.
The pitch is the basis of sound and the subject of sound energy; overtone is a symbol of sound, but its contribution to sound pressure is small.
Lips and teeth are MSG. No or no sound will be dull, and more sound will change. If we hear the lack of density and thickness of the human voice, there is no resonance of the chest, just a light, floating, dry and cold sound. It feels that the voice of the singer becomes very young and even like a child. It must be that the overtone part is too strong. That is, the sound pressure of the speaker tweeter is too high.
This extreme sound defect requires a large attenuation of the mid-high, high and super-high sounds of the pre-level music balance, and even changes the crossover treble attenuation resistance in the speaker. On the other hand, if the human voice is gray and dark, even if the singer is as old and weak as the old and the weak, it is necessary to make the middle and high, high and super high sounds of the pre-level music balanced. The balance of the excessive increase may damage. Sound quality, in this case, you can also consider changing the speaker crossover to reduce the treble attenuation resistor.
The debugging of the digital pre-level does not have a fixed mode. The other way can be the same. The most important thing is that you must thoroughly understand its nature and understand it before you can control it. The digital preamps of various manufacturers and models vary greatly, and the numerical descriptions of the parameters are also far apart. The parameter migration of different predecessors is not feasible.
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