The 5G era is coming, and the future is here. Internet of Everything, detailed analysis of 5G technology application, Chinese Academy of Sciences self-developed 5G baseband
Abstract: China's 5G promotion group officially released the "5G Network Architecture Design" white paper at the first global 5G conference on June 1, which reflects the latest achievements of China's 5G network technology research, which means China's research from 5G concept It has entered the stage of substantial advancement - 5G is really coming. However, several questions about 5G may not be clear, this article will talk about it.
What is 5G?
In terms such as 3G, 4G, and 5G, G is an abbreviation for the English word "generaTIon" (xth generation). Therefore, 5G is the fifth generation mobile communication technology.
In the field of mobile communications:
The first generation is analog technology;
The second generation realized digital voice communication;
The third generation is the well-known 3G technology, characterized by multimedia communication;
The fourth generation is the 4g technology that is being rolled out, and its communication rate is greatly improved, marking the era of entering the wireless broadband.
In simple terms, 5G will be faster and consume less than 4G, bringing a new range of wireless products. Li Zhengmao, vice president of China Mobile, once said that the telecom equipment in the 5G era has been greatly reduced: "In the 4G to 5G era, the transmission cost per bit has been reduced by 1000 times. Then we also hope that the price of telecom equipment will also be reduced by 1000 times. The cost is determined by the operators. The key to profitability in the data age."
5G is not really new technology
Two different perspectives about 5G
There is a view that 5G will be a new technology. The representative of this view is Huawei's wireless network product line CMO Yang Chaobin. In his view, 4G will not become 5G anymore, and 5G will be a new technology.
5G is not just a technical update, it is a very big leap development, it is a change, which means that the network architecture must be improved, 5G's network demand will be completely different from 4G; although the 4G LTE technology still used now Will continue to evolve, but how 4G will evolve will not become 5G, 5G will be a new technology.
But most technical experts are more inclined to the following point: 5G is the inevitable evolution of 4G technology - both evolution and revolution.
Although any generation of technology development cannot be a repetition of the previous generation of technology, if the new generation of technology is the same as the previous generation technology, then what is a new generation, so 3G technology is different from 2G, 4G is different from 3G, its technical principle The way to solve problems, the way to deploy, and the ability to achieve are different, but there is no foundation for the previous generation of technology, or the next generation does not inherit the technology of the previous generation, and the revolutionary upgrade is also a castle in the air.
5G is not an amazing new technology. 5G technology is a new combination of existing technologies and a re-evolution of 4G technology.
Why should we emphasize "re-"? Because the last three letters of 4G LTE mean long-term evolution, 5G should be a re-evolution based on 4G. Regarding the viewpoint of technological evolution, the scientific squirrel member communication professional teacher Occam razor has a popular double hump theory, which can clearly explain that 5G is only a technological evolution.
Okam razor's double hump theory
Occam's razor believes that after the emergence of a new technology concept, there will be a climax of research and discussion in the industry, this is the first hump.
Relevant academic papers will be produced as hotspots. The piles of doctoral masters have completed their graduation thesis with this new technology. Although it is very lively, it is only limited to the level of academic research, and there are still many problems in the implementation of specific technologies. Or because of cost reasons, it is impossible to mass production.
The study discussed the climax of the climax, which is the first hump's whereabouts, followed by low-key and pragmatic technical research. This platform may be a few years or a decade. When the technical problems are solved, the business will be welcomed. Mass production and market enthusiasm, this is the second hump.
According to the International Telecommunication Union's plan for 2020, it will be fully entered into 5G in five years, and the core technology system has not yet been established. Reviewing the history of 3G technology development, the International Telecommunication Union accepted the 3G technology proposal on June 30, 1998, and ushered in the first hump period. Until January 7, 2009, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology officially issued three 3G license, this entered the second hump, the platform period lasted for 11 years, especially one of the three licenses of TD-SCDMA, until 2013 is really mature, the platform period is up to 15 years, can just mature 4G era It’s coming. According to the "double hump law", the technology that will be promoted globally after 5 years should usher in the first hump around 2010, and will not be born two or three years before 2020, and then quickly be internationally telecommunication. The alliance is determined to be the global 5G standard, which violates the general rules of technological development and is unlikely to come true.
Without the development of 3G and 4G technologies, there will be no 5G.
In essence, the roads selected by most R&D institutions in 5G research are also the same, walking on two legs.
In the 5G R&D, two legs are proposed: on the one hand, we continue to promote the evolution based on 4G technology, and on the other hand, we develop 5G new technology, both of which take care of both.
In the face of the thousand-fold speed-up requirement in the 5G era, the evolution of 4G technology is only possible by greatly increasing the bandwidth. Increasing the bandwidth is the starting point, and the resulting millimeter wave, micro base station, high-order MIMO, beamforming, etc. are all logical trends. In the 5G era, the key technology cores for large-scale antenna arrays, millimeter-wave technologies, new network architectures, and new air interface designs are mostly based on the extension of 4G network technology, which can greatly improve performance. Taking soft air interface technology as an example, this technology combines the hardware processing capability of Pre5G, allowing operators to have smooth upgrade capability from 4G to 5G. From 4G to Pre5G, the terminal does not need to be replaced, but from Pre5G to 5G, the base station equipment can also continue to use.
Figure: Micro base station under millimeter wave technology.
Understand that 5G is the basic definition of the fifth generation of mobile communication technology. It is understood that it is upgraded from 3G and 4G. Naturally, it is also a technology accumulation and evolution. It can be said that without the development of 3G and 4G technologies, there is no 5G. On the one hand, the evolution of 5G technology is the inevitable result of technology accumulation. Of course, it also requires revolutionary innovation to achieve the goal of evolution. On the other hand, it is also an inevitable requirement for the rapid improvement of human communication demand.
Conversely, the previous 5G has not been popularized. First, technology is not available, and second, there is no demand for application. Now with the demand, there is 5G. What needs? Future networks will face: 1000 times data capacity growth, 10 to 100 times wireless device connectivity, 10 to 100 times user speed requirements, 10 times longer battery life requirements, and more. Frankly speaking, 4G networks may not be able to meet these needs in the next five or six years, so 5G must be launched in advance.
Based on the judgment of technological evolution, reviewing China's arduous struggle through the 3G and 4G eras, we have reason to believe that the improvement of China's industry and technology has also laid a solid foundation for the 5G layout. From the past passive acceptance of technology to the beginning of output technology, China will With the opportunity to develop into one of the leading countries in the world of 5G technology, standards, industry and application services, from the following to lead, China's communications industry has the opportunity to learn Chinese high-speed rail in the 5G era to achieve cornering overtaking. The three major operators, Huawei, Datang, and ZTE have invested in 5G R&D for a long time and are at the forefront of the world.
What will 5G change?
Let me tell a story first:
Wake up in the morning and the lights and air conditioner in the bedroom will automatically turn on. Xiao Ming came to the bathroom, the face water was automatically adjusted to a moderate temperature, the digital toothbrush recorded and uploaded the real-time data of Xiao Ming's teeth and the mouth; wearing glasses, the wife took the child on the way to school, through the virtual reality on the glasses, the child Waved to Xiao Ming and said good morning. Xiao Ming had breakfast and took a few eyes. The car took Xiao Ming automatically on the road. Xiao Ming opened a video conference in the car...
Is this scene depicting familiarity? From 1998 to 2002, the communication circle depicted 3G; from 2005 to 2012, the communication circle depicted 4G; today, this depiction is passed on to 5G. In the future, there will be 6G, 7G, and 8G. When I estimate it to 9G, I may not hear it. Because it is impossible to ensure that you can live there.
This is also a typical process that represents the gradual evolution of communication technology. The revolutionary experience is gradually realized and improved. In essence, 5G's subversion of the mobile Internet is also a gradual evolution process, which will also spawn countless new applications, new models, and industries. In a car with a speed of 100 kilometers per hour, the distance that needs to be moved from the discovery of obstacles to the start of the braking system under 5G network conditions will be shortened to 2.8 cm.
Five characteristics: "unparalleled fast", "many are not afraid", "everything can communicate", "the best experience is like a shadow", "super real time, super reliable". Specifically mention five typical 5G scenarios in terms of user experience:
1, speed
5G will be 10 to 100 times faster than 4G, and faster speed will increase the capacity of the network, allowing more users to log in to the network at the same time.
2, panoramic video: mobile can also be achieved
Many people will definitely be attracted to the giant screen in the stadium. But what if you get the same real-time picture in a game or smartphone? You can even switch shots, instantly replay, and high-resolution 4K video will make you feel refreshed.
3, self-driving cars: 1 million square meters at the same time within 1 square kilometer
The 4G network we are currently using, the limit of end-to-end delay is about 50 milliseconds, it is difficult to achieve remote real-time control, but in the 5G era, the end-to-end delay only takes 1 millisecond, enough to meet intelligent traffic and even no one. Driving requirements; the current 4G network does not support such a large number of devices connected to the network at the same time, it only supports a small number of mobile phone access, and in the 5G era, there may even be 1 million network connections within 1 square kilometer. Most of them are all kinds of equipment, know the road environment, provide driving information, analyze real-time data, and intelligently predict road conditions. Through them, the driver can understand the situation of the vehicle and the surrounding vehicles without the influence of the weather. In case of danger, you can also give early warning and even achieve driverless driving.
4, Internet robot: real-time feedback doctor instructions
For doctors, robots will have a lot to do with surgery. But they need real-time feedback on the instructions issued by the doctor. When performing complex commands, the working robot needs to communicate seamlessly with the doctor.
5, virtual reality: all kinds of somatosensory need speed network transmission
When you wear a VR helmet, you enter a virtual world where you can interact with others, games and even high-five. With 5G, the collaboration between users will usher in a new era. Two people in the same physical location will be able to cooperate with each other. Various somatosensory functions require extremely fast network transmission to enhance virtual reality, and the network is inherently a conduit.
Remember this paragraph? Go to the business office to ask the card, ask the salesperson girl "Is this 4g good?" The little girl answered "Uncle, 2G can see the warehouse novel, 3G can see the picture of the warehouse, 4G can see the warehouse video." Girl, do you want to say that some uncles can't understand, who is Aoi? You still have to give me a 4G card!
This paragraph actually began to talk about in the 3G era, Telecom and China Unicom's 3G can see Aoi, and hope that this segment will not be heard in the 5G era, because 5G is not as simple as watching ordinary video.
It's also a simple way to understand the 5G experience changes -
3G, 4G are all personnel (connecting people) is not qualitative change, 5G is not personnel (connector) is qualitative change: under 4G network, the cloud system can not transmit emergency instructions to let the driverless car through the traffic flow; 4G It also does not provide the speed of providing instant language translations in teleconferences, not to mention remotely commanding scalpels during life-saving surgery – knowing that many instant wireless applications have a maximum delay of no more than 1 millisecond.
When is 5G coming?
5G promotion speeds up
The first generation of mobile communications, deployed in China in 1987, was eight years behind the mainstream of the world.
2G, China began to build 2G network in 1995, four years later than Europe.
In 2009, China's first 3G network was opened, eight years later than the opening of the world's first 3G network.
In 2013, China's 4G license was issued, which was about three years behind the world's first 4G network.
Believe that 5G, China's network deployment will be synchronized with the world, even the first country to deploy. To know that 5G has become a technological highland that countries are stepping up to seize. In China's 13th Five-Year Plan, it is clear that we must accelerate the development and application of new information network technologies, actively promote the research on the fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) and ultra-wideband key technologies, and launch 5G commercial.
The promotion of 5G is also accelerating in the national licensing rhythm: 2G fires for 15 years; 3G fires for 6 years, and it is also okay: China issued 3G licenses in 2009, China Mobile won TD-LTE license on December 4, 2013 The first to enter the 4G era, February 27, 2015, after more than a year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced to China Unicom and China Telecom issued FDD LTE mode 4G commercial license, which means that the country left 4G for a maximum of five years.
Looking back at this process, in fact, China's release of FDD photos at this time in 2015 is actually a layout for the next five years. At that time, the state realized that if China Mobile 4G protection period is blindly given, China will lose 5G in 2020. Layout, therefore, by issuing FDD licenses, TDD and FDD are opened in advance to the restricted channel of 5G evolution, and get rid of the embarrassment of being subject to people. Only in this way, the 5G based on the complete evolution of TDD and FDD technology will benefit Chinese operators in the future 5G layout choices will be more comfortable and invincible.
5G in China is no longer a concept of the future, it has become a reality of progress.
The 5G planning steps in China are as follows: In 2016, we will start the 5G standard research. It is expected that the first version of the standard will be completed in 2018, and then the start time of the commercial application will be determined around 2020 according to the maturity of the product.
5G is coming, will the tariff be more and more expensive?
The user is most concerned about the tariff. If the arrival of 5G, will increase the input cost of operators and equipment vendors, and further increase the network tariff? When the real 5G arrives, it is not just a matter of price decline. In fact, you may be able to get the same ten times more services than the previous one. For example, if you (same money, before) can only call for 100 minutes, then to the 5G system, you may be able to make a 1000 minute call.
Is this really the case? Yes! In essence, every time the technology industry upgrades from 2G to 3G or 4G, it does not get rid of the fate of price cuts, and every time it can drop 20%, rest assured.
The next vent of communication is 5G, which not only connects faster, but also is expected to become the basis of the Internet of Everything.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences plans to spend 30 million yuan this year to deploy a 5G chip industrialization project for next-generation mobile communications in 18 months to build a 5G chip and network key technology innovation chain with independent intellectual property rights.
Specific to the refineable goal, it is to complete the product development and application verification of 5 to 6 RF front-end and baseband chips and network core technologies.
Yan Qing, director of the Science and Technology Development Bureau of the institute, said that as the core technology of the entire 5G network, 5G chips must be their own. Otherwise, the 5G era is coming, and it is still possible to be subject to people.
Director Yan pointed out that 5G core chips such as ADC, DAC and baseband chips have broad industrial needs, but they are facing embargo risks, thus highlighting the significance of independent products.
It is worth mentioning that in November last year, 3GPP determined that the Polar code (Polarization Code) led by Huawei ZTE is the coding scheme of the 5G control channel and became a key part of the 5G standard. At present, in the field of mobile baseband, Qualcomm, Intel, Huawei, VIA and so on hold the core technology, among which Qualcomm has obvious advantages, and the strength of the "Chinese team" still needs to be strengthened.
Shenzhen Jianjiantong Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.jjttpucuttingplotter.com