Three power topologies for smart locks, which one to choose?
Linear regulators, boost (boost) or buck (buck) – these are the three power topologies for most smart locks. Which one do you choose for your design? Why is this important?
The success of any Internet of Things (IoT) device depends on its ease of use. The main point is that ease of use means easy connection and control of the device. But it also refers to the lack of maintenance of networked devices. How long does it take to turn off the battery because it needs to be replaced?
The smart lock must be powered by a wireless microcontroller (MCU) such as the SimpleLinkTM Bluetooth® low-power CC2640R2F solution; a rotary-lock motor driver such as the DRV8833; and any other peripheral such as a light-emitting diode (LED). Fundamentally, there are three ways to convert battery voltage to load: simply step down with a low dropout (LDO) linear regulator, boost with a step-up DC/DC converter, or step down DC/DC The converter is stepping down.
Figure 1 shows the basic block diagram of a smart lock with an LDO, such as the TPS76625. Some engineers consider using LDOs because of their low cost. In most cases, the integrated circuit (IC) cost of an LDO is lower than the IC cost of a buck (buck) or boost (boost) converter. But the efficiency of linear circuits can shorten battery life.
Figure 1 : Smart Lock Block Diagram with LDO
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Figure 2 shows a block diagram with a boost converter, such as the TPS61030. Four AA batteries are rearranged to support the boost topology of the motor drive, while the wireless MCU is directly connected to the battery. Although this is very efficient, the high power converted by the boost converter for the motor driver is equal to the higher power loss level in absolute value. There is a more efficient way.
Figure 2 : Smart Lock Block Diagram with Boost Converter
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Figure 3 shows a block diagram with a buck converter. In particular, the efficiency value is measured by the TPS62745 ultra-low power buck converter. Ultra low power converters greatly increase the efficiency of the system standby mode. For smart locks, the system is almost in standby throughout its life cycle without unlocking or locking.
Figure 3 : Smart Lock Block Diagram with Buck Converter
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Figure 4 compares the battery life of each topology. The figure assumes that the lock is turned on or off 12 times a day. As you can see, battery life is proportional to the frequency of wireless MCU connection events. The more times you try to connect - in order to find the person trying to open the lock - the more power it consumes. The standard connection time is 500ms and the four AA alkaline batteries can be used for 60 months (five years).
Figure 4 : Comparison of battery life for different power topologies
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