Prospect analysis of automotive electronic navigation technology 1. Car navigation system
Car navigation system refers to vehicle road traffic information communication system, including microcomputer and display screen, synchronous satellite positioning system, radar and so on. It stores a large amount of road-related system data in the microcomputer, measures traffic information such as vehicle spacing and number with the radar installed on the road, transmits it to the computer control center and transmits it to the communication satellite, and the satellite sends the traffic signal back to the car Receiver, the driver can grasp the traffic information from the in-car display screen. When the driver enters the starting point, route and destination of the trip into the computer, the computer can plan the best route for the driver and provide detailed information, realize the navigation function, and even realize the automatic navigation function (automatic acceleration or deceleration, automatic lane change or Overtaking, in case of emergency, automatic braking and collision prevention). The communication system can also be used as a maintenance service system and a safety warning system when a car fails, because all this can be achieved through a communication satellite and a ground service center. Electronic navigation devices began to be used in automobiles in the 1990s. Its main purpose is to facilitate users so that they can reach their destination easily and quickly.
The other is to ease traffic congestion and congestion in the city. This device is not like other automotive electronic equipment that can be self-contained, but in addition to on-board electronic equipment, it also needs to be connected to the global positioning system and local traffic management center to obtain relevant information to complete real-time route planning and guidance tasks. Therefore, not only the structure is more complicated, but also the corresponding basic structure is required to cooperate. General car navigation devices include global positioning receiving systems, microcomputers, LCD screens, map storage reading devices, etc. Its simple working principle is to obtain an accurate real-time position of the car according to the positioning system (which can be a global positioning system, an autonomous positioning system, or a combination of the two), combine the existing maps, determine the route to the destination, and According to the real-time traffic situation monitored by the traffic management center, the correction of the best route is given and finally displayed on the display screen. It can display the specific guidance of a street, an intersection to an intersection, and some can also give voice guidance at the same time.
The early navigation system has a large error range, and only recognizes the relative position of the LCD screen vehicle and the surrounding map. At present, it has been developed to be able to query information through the service center, and then combined with the electronic map display, the new system has small errors and various ways of guiding operations Choose, and have a variety of additional service systems, complete car navigation system, should include global positioning system and vehicle automatic navigation system. It is generally formed by the GS antenna, forming a display screen route, and can use voice to provide navigation information. Some people can even use the voice to point the driver to book a hotel, and can also connect with the computer network to listen to the weather forecast, Stock market quotes, as well as providing information on traffic jams ahead of the road and can indicate other routes to avoid traffic jams.
2. Car navigation computer
AVIC-D909 and AVIC-707 are two car navigation computers developed by Japan Pioneer Electronics Corporation. All computers use a DVD-ROM automatic display device with a 32-bit RISG chip, which can achieve three-bit hybrid sensor positioning. Both computers use TV-W808 20cm widescreen LCD monitors. For more accurate positioning, the three-dimensional positioning is supplemented by a horizontal and vertical positioning system.
In addition, the computer is always ready for use with the global positioning system. Among them, AVIC-D909 computer is also equipped with audio control system and plug-in interface storage system (AVIC-D707 can also be selected according to user needs). The car computer (navigation computer) can also receive FM radio programs. Since the early 1980s, computers have become increasingly widely used in automobiles. Cars produced in many countries are equipped with computers or microprocessors, which has become a standard equipment. The electronic computer can accurately control the air / fuel mixture ratio and ignition timing under different operating conditions as needed to improve the fuel economy and exhaust emissions of the car; at the same time, the car computer is decorated with anti-lock braking The technical application of sub-wheel, four-wheel steering device, floating suspension, etc. has also become more and more mature. In addition to the mechanical part, the computer is also used in the control of air-conditioning equipment, and the digital display of the instrument. In part, it will be one of the important hallmarks of future cars.
The widespread use of computers in automobiles is mainly manifested in "smart" cars. Japan is now more advanced than other countries. The smart cars now developed can easily provide paroleers with various useful information. In the future, there will be more new members with peculiar styling, novelty, and excellent performance. It can be said that the future car will be the crystallization of science and technology and culture and art that surpass our present imagination and appreciation. The new era of the future car is waiting for us to create.
3. Application and development of automotive GPS technology
GPS global navigation system, also known as global satellite positioning system. According to the signals provided by the 24 positioning satellites around the earth, the United States swears continuously to provide three-dimensional position and three-speed speed information, so that the receiving equipment installed on the earth can receive the information and use the relay equipment to This information is analyzed to determine a positioning system where the object transmitting the information is located. The vehicle automatic navigation system is based on the current position of the vehicle provided by the GPS receiver and the vehicle destination input by the user, calculates a suitable driving route with reference to the electronic map, and provides the necessary information to the driver in an appropriate manner during driving.
The main functions of GPS are: timely display of the car's position, driving speed, and distance to the destination in a pre-defined electronic map. After entering the destination, it will actively generate an optimal driving route to the destination, and remind the user in language when turning, so that it can be reached directly without asking for directions anywhere. You can always check the latest road conditions of hotels, shops, gas stations, repair shops, stations, docks, etc. along the way to provide users with convenience. After the car is robbed, it can stop the operation of the engine within the specified range and report the position of the car to the police. Use it to play music or VCD after parking.
The car GPS navigation system is mainly composed of two parts: (1) by the GPS receiver and display equipment installed on the original car; (2) by the computer control center. The two parts are in contact via satellite positioning. Currently, there are many applications of autonomous navigation in the world. Its main feature is that each set of vehicles has its own map of navigation, and the positioning and navigation functions are all completed by the on-board equipment.
Its working process mainly has the following steps:
1. User enters destination
Before departure, the user inputs the destination into the navigation device through the systematic iron input method. In addition to clicking directly on the electronic map displayed on the system to select the location, more often by some input method, the destination name is entered into the system. Automobile navigation products in China are basically based on the PC mechanism, or with the help of an external keyboard, similar The Chinese input method of the PC is used as the car navigation system of the place name input method, or the Chinese input is carried out by means of the increasingly mature handwriting recognition technology using the touch screen. Rely on the keyboard or touch screen can also achieve almost all the functions of the function keys. Based on the "people-oriented" design idea, especially considering the safety performance requirements, people are currently developing products based on voice technology.
2. Driving route
The car navigation host obtains the calculated current latitude and longitude from the GPS receiver, and by comparing with the electronic map data, the current location of the vehicle can be determined at any time. The general car navigation system defaults the current position of the vehicle as the starting point. After the user enters the destination, the navigation system can automatically calculate a most appropriate illustrated route based on the map information stored on the electronic map as a new route.
3. Navigation while driving
The output devices of the car automatic navigation system include display screens and voice output devices. During driving, the driver must concentrate on driving, and cannot often check the display screen. Therefore, a practical and user-friendly vehicle automatic navigation system uses voice output to prompt the driver when necessary. For example, when the vehicle travels to the intersection that should turn according to the recommended route of the system, the voice output device prompts the driver: "Please turn around after 300m", so that the driver does not need to pay attention to the display on the screen, and can follow the recommended route correctly and quickly To reach the destination.
At present, the navigation systems of several famous automobile companies in the world have reached a fairly complete and very useful level. Domestic independently developed car navigation products with local maps. In public security systems, taxi companies and other public dispatch systems in some large cities in China, another vehicle positioning and navigation system has also been developed to meet the requirements of centralized dispatch and rapid response. The vehicles in these public dispatch systems, except for GPS antennas and receivers, do not require autonomous navigation equipment, and vehicles keep in touch with the headquarters through on-board communication equipment. The communication transmitter on the vehicle can transmit the vehicle position and latitude calculated by the GPS receiver of the vehicle to the headquarters at any time. After the headquarters receives the information about the location of each outgoing vehicle, it can grasp their exact location at any time. Dispatch accurately and quickly through the voice communication channel established with outgoing vehicles. The GPS navigation function of the car navigation system is outstanding, which can help the driver to reach the destination even quickly in the intricate urban traffic road network. Use the multi-layer guide menu to conveniently select targets by area, city, and facility function. The navigation system can immediately calculate the shortest driving route, and display it on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional electronic map. Once the car is started, it represents the real-time location The sign of will automatically follow the set route. The satellite navigation system will automatically reset when encountering traffic jams on the road ahead or outside, the satellite navigation system will automatically reset, and a new driving route will be automatically set after a few seconds, and the navigation function will be restored again. Although the time of the application of car navigation devices and cars is not long, it has developed rapidly. Especially in Japan, the current global market for car navigation systems is led by Japan, with production of 1.4 million units in 1998. Major auto companies have offered it as an option to customers, and in 1998, they provided 64% of the total output for new cars.
Japan has developed rapidly in this regard. According to reports, there are currently 6 million vehicles in Japan that use electronic navigation systems, accounting for 10% of all car ownership, and 30% of new cars produced since 2000 have installed electronic navigation systems. system. Most of GM's models launched in the United States now have the vehicle intelligent information system as a standard device. It is also reported that Peugeot has installed satellite navigation devices in all LX-class 406 and 607 cars, becoming standard equipment in the car. Toyota is planning to use the electronic navigation system as an optional component of Tianjin Toyota's new models. The main reason is that they started the preparation of digital maps very early, invested 1.5 billion yen, and produced a more complete digital road and block map. In addition, the streets of some cities in Japan are more complicated, and the Japanese people ’s hobby of electronic products, so the market for these new products is developing rapidly.
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