The effect of speaker material on sound

[Home Theater Network HDAV.com.cn] The speaker is basically composed of the drive unit, the crossover and the sound box. The design of these three parts is important. The materials used are also closely related to the sound quality. If some of the materials are changed, they are retained. No change, the sound will inevitably be different, this difference may be very obvious, some enthusiasts who love their own hands try different materials instead of the original materials, such as replacing the sounder with a "tonic grade" capacitor or replacing the original with a fever line Some of the wiring can improve the sound quality, and some damage the original sound balance. Parts affecting sound quality is an unpredictable thing. You think that replacing the parts of the tonic will improve the sound. Sometimes, on the contrary, the original parts are better for sound quality or balance. This may be a careful test at design time. The most ideal parts to match. Fans can test themselves, but once you lose the agent's warranty service, you can change the original parts arbitrarily, and of course you are responsible for the problem.

Drive unit

The drive unit is commonly called a horn. There are several points worthy of special attention in the construction of materials. There are several kinds of materials for the diaphragm of the electric horn (the diaphragm or the horn of the woofer). The paper diaphragm has a long history and its quality. Light and have appropriate damping characteristics, until the bird still insists on using many famous factories, but the paper diaphragm is susceptible to moisture and mildew or deformation, its surface hardness is low, and it can not produce high radiation sound wave speed. But for the woofer sound is full and deep, very suitable. Nowadays, the paper diaphragm is mostly used on the bass and midrange speakers, and the tweeter of the paper diaphragm is almost extinct.

In the early 1980s, plastic diaphragms began to appear. At the beginning of the BBC, Bextrene was used in the midrange and woofer. Later, Polypropylene became more and more popular and became more and more popular. Today's speakers use this material. most. The polypropylene diaphragm has extremely high yin characteristics, is not affected by moisture, can be cast to any required thickness and shape, light and hard, physical and sound characteristics are very good, polypropylene can also be combined with other materials Mixed plastic molding into a higher hardness diaphragm, such as mixed ceramic powder, glass fiber or graphite, etc., a lot of changes, as to whether the polypropylene diaphragm sound is better than the paper diaphragm, it is a matter of opinion, manufacturers using this material scream, It seems that there are only advantages and no disadvantages, but some people still think that the sound of the paper diaphragm is better, and the polypropylene has a "plastic" taste. In any case, this material of polypropylene has been welcomed by manufacturers and users. It is not limited to the use of midrange and woofer, and the tweeter diaphragm is also suitable.

Metal diaphragms have appeared in the 1980s, but at the time the technology was only in its infancy, it revealed many shortcomings, such as sound and dry hard, high-pitched ears, although the transient response was fast but the sound was unnatural. After years of improvement, the tweeter The hemispherical metal diaphragm was first successful. The materials include light metals such as aluminum, aluminum alloy and titanium, which will play a role in the strengths and avoid the shortcomings. In recent years, the metal diaphragm hemisphere tweeter has become popular, and even low-cost speakers have been adopted.

As for the medium-tone and woofer units using metal diaphragms to achieve excellent performance or in recent years, the British AE (Acoustic Energy) first made all-metal diaphragm speakers, which received high praise, but the price is expensive. Following the AE, Monitor Audio has also evolved into an all-metal diaphragm speaker, moving this technology to a more mature stage. The advantages of the all-metal diaphragm speaker are that the sound speed is fast, clean and neat, the treble is particularly wide and the transparency is high.

There is a ring around the diaphragm that is connected to the moving frame. It is a kind of compliant material that provides free movement of the diaphragm. It is made of various materials, including natural rubber, synthetic rubber, PVC plastic. The film of the film, they are made of wavy or positive and negative half-curl dishes to achieve a softness of the specified level, the woofer edge of the air-cushion speaker must have a very high degree of flexibility for large activities, generally breathable speakers What is needed is a low degree of edge compliance, which is the main reason for considering that material.

Bracket

The work of the horn bracket is to keep the mechanical structure stable and provide accurate activity for the diaphragm. The bracket must be constructed to be strong and avoid resonance. Generally, the horn is made of steel, aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy. The steel bracket is made of high pressure. If the steel is thick, it is quite strong. Now many large-diameter woofers still use steel brackets. However, if the steel is too thin, it is easy to cause resonance. The steel brackets are cheaper to manufacture, so they are commonly used in low-cost loudspeakers.

Aluminum or magnesium alloy die-cast brackets perform better in terms of robustness and anti-resonance, and are also more aesthetically pleasing, but these brackets are more expensive to manufacture than steel frames. Some speakers, especially Japanese ones, although inexpensive, also use alloy die-cast brackets, mainly to make the appearance more attractive, in fact, the speaker quality is flat.

Voice coil

The speaker voice coil is different according to the needs of the low, medium and high-pitched units. The tweeter voice coil is wound with very thin wires, including copper wire and aluminum wire. The aluminum wire is lighter in weight and can obtain better instant. State response, but less than copper wire in terms of bearing capacity and durability. The middle and woofer use copper wire around the voice coil, and the copper wire can withstand high power. Some woofers increase the bearing capacity around the second to fourth layer voice coil. As for the shape of the copper wire, such as circular, hexagonal and rectangular cross-section, the round wire is most commonly used, and the hexagonal and rectangular wires can be arranged closely without leaving a gap, which can increase the heat dissipation efficiency and correspondingly increase the power bearing capacity.

The voice coil of the ordinary speaker is mostly wound on the paper tube, but the paper is not a good heat conductor, and has only the advantage of lightness. In order to improve the heat dissipation efficiency, some speakers use aluminum or Kapton voice coil tubes to fix the voice coil on the tube due to heat dissipation. Preferably, the load capacity is significantly increased, and more and more speakers are using this material in the near future.

Generally, most of the burnt speakers are on the tweeter. Because its voice coil is wound with thin wires, it can't withstand high power. Some speakers have protection lines. When the input current is too high, it automatically cuts off or reduces the current to prevent the tweeter from being damaged. The midrange and woofer voice coils are strong and hard to burn, and may only cause the voice coil to hit the bottom or skew when the input is too strong.

magnet

Early horns mostly used magnesium-nickel-cobalt (Alinco) alloy magnets, which have the advantages of high strength and easy prevention of magnetic field leakage. Unfortunately, the manufacturing cost is getting higher and higher, and manufacturers are forced to use iron oxide magnets, also known as ceramic magnets. It also has a fairly high magnetic force, but it requires a large block. Some woofer magnets weigh 20 to 30 pounds. The magnetic field is highly diffused and must be carefully controlled in the anti-magnetic field.

There is a rare earth magnet called Samarium Cobalt, which is translated as a samarium-cobalt magnet. Its magnetic force is five to six times that of a conventional magnet. Therefore, it is only necessary to use a small amount to achieve sufficient strength. This kind of magnet is very expensive. Suitable for use on high units, which are rare on midrange and bass units.

Splitter

The splitter is usually composed of three parts, including an inductor coil, a capacitor and a resistor. The coil is wound with copper wire. The high-pass part is thin, the low-pass part is thick, and the splitter coil has air core and iron. The core type depends on the design. Capacitors have a great influence on the sound quality. Nowadays, the high-quality speakers are mostly made of polypropylene capacitors, and their quality is very much noticed by HI FI fans.

Generally, the speaker of the speaker is mounted on the circuit board, which is neat and beautiful, but the copper trace of the circuit board may be unfavorable to the high current mark due to the narrow path, so some enthusiast speakers are directly obtained by hard wire welding. Better sound quality.

Sound box

The sound box material of the speaker is mainly required to have good damping characteristics, strong and non-resonant. In order to achieve this goal, the designer has used a variety of materials in the past, including broken wood, wood plywood, fiberboard, plastic, and even used. Artificial marble, triple soil and metal. Generally, the sound box is mostly made of wood plywood or shredded wood pellets, which is easy to cut and manufacture. Now many high-grade loudspeakers use medium density fiberboard (MDF), which has better characteristics. Celestion pioneered the use of aerospace technology in their SL600 bookshelf speakers, made from a three-layered aluminum sound box, as well as an aircraft floor structure, extremely rugged and non-resonant, and the bookshelf speaker was very successful. Another innovative sound box construction is B&W's Matrix, which has a skeletal structure with sound-absorbing latex for pure sound quality. More fresh and fun home theater information, please pay attention to home theater network http:// (WeChat: cnhifi), the country's most influential home theater audio player interactive media website.

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