Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology is an advanced fiber-optic wireless communication technology in which visible light (375nm-780nm) is used as a medium for secure data transmission. Compared with traditional wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Wimax, which use radio waves for communication, the data rate is higher. Since 2000, researchers have begun to use the visible light emitted by LEDs as a communication medium, initially achieving a network speed of about 100 Kbps. With the deepening of R&D work, VLC systems can now achieve data rates of approximately 800 Mbps in short-range communications. Many companies and research institutions are currently embarking on the development and commercialization of gigabit networks for long-distance communications.
Free-space optical communication (FSO) is based on the same principles as VLC, but it uses light in the infrared spectral range for communication. The invention of the RONJA device introduced in 2001 can achieve a network speed of 10 Mbps within 0.87 miles, which greatly promotes the research and development of FSO technology. FSO was originally used for outdoor communication applications, but the range of indoor applications such as enterprise connectivity and hospitals has also expanded recently.
Reliability and network coverage are the primary concerns for enterprises when providing VLC services. Interference from external sources (such as sunlight, ordinary light bulbs) and opaque materials on the transmission path can disrupt communication. Large-scale implementation of VLC systems can reduce overall installation costs while helping to further reduce operating costs such as electricity and maintenance costs.
Visible light communication technology is still in the introduction period; indoor network and location services are the only few applications that have successfully penetrated the market. It is expected that by the end of 2013, products for other applications such as intelligent traffic management systems, flight entertainment and underwater communications will be put on the market. VLC can be implemented as a complementary technology to existing wireless networks. It is expected that after 5 years, it will infiltrate into M2M communication, smart city, Power over Ethernet (PoE), wireless sensor network, ubiquitous network, augmented reality and other fields.
Unlike VLC technology, FSO technology has already been commercialized. This technology is mainly used in the military and aerospace industries, thanks to its high security and data transmission rate. It is expected that soon after, FSO will be deployed to applications such as MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), service acceleration, and last mile connections.
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