CNC machine tool troubleshooting example - Solutions - Huaqiang Electronic Network

Single chip microcomputer STM32L151CCU6

Probe current voltage pin 420*4450 head diameter 5.0 over current current and voltage pin

SMD aluminum electrolytic capacitor

Photocoupler

(1) The servo motor speed is unstable or vibrating, often accompanied by a correspondingly large current meter display. There are three possible reasons for the failure.
1 The motor is seriously overloaded. The reason is generally that the machining feed amount is too large and unbalanced or the machine has mechanical jam or mechanical lubrication. 2 The encoder on the servo motor is faulty. The general reason is that the encoder disk is contaminated or the relative position of the encoder and the read head is changed due to long-term vibration of the machine tool, which leads to error in the feedback data of the speed encoder. 3 The inverter or power module filter output part is faulty, resulting in too much output high harmonic current. (2) CNC system position loop fault 1 position loop alarm. It may be that the position measuring circuit is open; the measuring component is damaged; the relative shortest distance between the proximity switch and the sensing object moves, resulting in no signal being detected. 2 The axis produces motion without instructions. It may be that the drift is too large; the position loop or speed loop is connected to positive feedback; the feedback wiring is open; the measuring component is damaged.
(3) The machine coordinate can not find the zero point. It may be that the zero direction is far from the zero point; the encoder is damaged or close to the open circuit; the raster zero mark is shifted; the zero return deceleration switch is out of order.
(4) The dynamic characteristics of the machine tool deteriorate, the machining quality of the workpiece decreases, and the machine tool vibrates even at a certain speed. The cause of this phenomenon is likely to be caused by excessive clearance or even wear of the mechanical transmission system or insufficient lubrication or even wear of the guide rail; for electrical control systems, it is generally due to improper adjustment of the servo system, and the gain systems of the axes are not equal or The motor is not properly matched and the solution is to optimize the adjustment. In addition, improper operation of the hydraulic system may also result in a decline in processing quality.
(5) Downtime failure. There are two possible scenarios: one is the failure in the relevant software design as described above, causing a downtime failure under certain combinations of specific operations and functional operations. In general, the machine will be powered back on after a power failure. Disappeared; another situation is caused by environmental conditions, such as strong interference (grid or peripheral equipment), excessive temperature, excessive humidity, and so on. The large-scale multi-function CNC machine tool has an interlock function. When the system detects an abnormality in a certain component, such as the cooling fan of the key component is bad, the module temperature is too high, etc., which often causes the system to stop alarming.