Unlimited possibilities: how the full screen will change the way of authentication
introduction
Smartphones have become personal assistants for everyone and play an important role in every aspect of life. Whether it's basic voice and data communications, or complex financial transactions, map navigation or even entertainment games, we need to do this with a mobile phone. For most applications, users want a more immersive experience with a screen that is as large as possible. However, because users rely heavily on mobile phones when dealing with many personal matters, they also need to ensure that their phones have the most reliable security. This double expectation presents some challenges for equipment manufacturers.
Maximizing the display area means removing most of the hardware on the front of the smartphone. The result is what we call "full screen", which eliminates the left and right borders, leaving only a narrow border at the top and bottom. With the side borders removed, the display can be fully displayed from left to right, and the screens on both sides can even be bent, improving many existing applications and even enabling some innovative applications.
The physical Home button will disappear due to the "full screen" design, and the fingerprint sensor that is normally placed under this button will disappear. For a variety of reasons, fingerprinting has become the dominant biometric authentication method, and users also expect fingerprint recognition to remain on full-screen phones. Therefore, we must put the fingerprint sensor somewhere else in some way. We will discuss the relevant challenges and available technology options in the next section of the “Finger Sensing Technology†section of the “Comprehensive Screenâ€.
One of the hardware that still needs to be retained on the front of the "full screen" mobile phone is the camera, because self-timer and video call need to be done through the front camera. The same camera can also be used for facial recognition or iris recognition, and these other biometrics will complement the formation of fingerprint recognition as an additional biometric feature. We will discuss the topic of multiple biometrics in the next section, New Biometrics Options.
Full screen "behind" fingerprint recognition technology
The high-resolution large screen is the foundation for a quality user experience, but the user experience that is desirable also requires simplicity, convenience, and a high degree of security, all of which require the terminal device to keep fingerprint recognition on the front. The reason is that when the terminal is placed on the table and the screen is facing up, only the front sensor can allow the user to unlock it with a single touch. The biggest drawback of fingerprint recognition is that the user must pick up the phone to unlock.
As the full screen top and bottom border areas are reduced (possibly completely gone), the fingerprint sensor will need to be placed in the display area, and doing so requires some challenging engineering challenges. One of the challenges is that the fingerprints must be reliably scanned through the cover glass and achieve the required resolution to identify tiny protrusions and gullies in the fingerprint image. Capacitive fingerprint recognition technology can penetrate a maximum thickness of about 300-400 microns (0.3-0.4 mm). Capacitive fingerprint sensors can't do anything for any thicker cover glass.
However, it is worth noting that although capacitive sensors may not be suitable for full-screen fingerprint recognition, they will still be the ideal technology for touch-screen control, regardless of the full-screen phone. Capacitive sensors have become the most popular touch-screen technology because of its good performance and low price, especially in its mainstream position to achieve economies of scale. The situation will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.
The only two technologies that can penetrate up to 700 micron (0.7 mm) cover glass and perform fingerprinting are ultrasonic and optical. Ultrasound is very sensitive, but high power consumption and high cost may make this technology suitable for certain devices only. Optical sensing technology has been used successfully and economically for many years in commercial and government applications, and the latest technological advances have made hardware small enough to fit under the smartphone display. This new usage also counteracts the disadvantages of optical technology that require a backlight, because placing the sensor in the display eliminates the need for a separate backlight.
The optical fingerprint sensor will be located at a specified location on the screen at a preliminary stage, and we have reason to expect commercial viability of this solution because the image diode sensor can utilize the display itself as a necessary source of light in the designated display area. To encourage market acceptance, such designs can be made into virtual buttons equivalent to the Home button. The user is already familiar with and is accustomed to using the Home button, so the virtual Home button on the display can continue a good user experience.
For the reasons to be explained in the next section, being able to identify the fingerprint anywhere on the display will be the ultimate requirement. This leads to a series of more difficult challenges. In fact, the amount of engineering required to implement full-screen fingerprint recognition is enormous. Optical sensing technology needs to be integrated with display drivers and touch controllers, and such display integrations will likely need to mimic the evolution of technology that previously integrated display and touch functions in a stacked architecture.
Implementing the original dedicated scan area (virtual Home button) may be a split design, and the optical fingerprint sensor may be placed above or below the display layer, similar to a split touch or on-cell touch technology. The next generation of fingerprinting anywhere on the screen may integrate sensors directly into the display layer, similar to in-cell touch technology. (For more information on on-cell and in-cell display stacking architecture, see the Synaptics white paper "Recent advances in touch and display integration for smartphones and tablets")
As the integration of display stacks continues to evolve, auxiliary circuits will evolve. The most advanced technology in today's smartphones is touch and display driver integration (TDDI), which means that one IC handles both touch and display functions. For the full screen, it is expected that the original TDDI can coexist with the independent fingerprint sensor IC, just like the coexistence of integrated fingerprint sensors in TDDI and Home keys in mobile phones. Over time, the three major features—touch, display, and fingerprinting—can all be integrated into a single IC. Utilizing the universal display pixel conductors in the sensor matrix and integrating all three basic functions in a single IC, the cost is significantly reduced by simplifying engineering and manufacturing.
Biometric authentication new option
The more users, the more they have accepted the use of biometrics to unlock devices and authorize transactions. Scanning your fingers is much more convenient than creating and remembering "complex" passwords, and there are many other advantages in improving the security of your mobile device. Fingerprint recognition is currently supported by almost all high-end and mid-range smartphones. Users love and trust fingerprints, and look forward to continuing to use this proven and reliable authentication method on their new phones.
Identifying fingerprints anywhere on the display will improve both security and user experience. After being integrated into the screen, the fingerprint image scanned by the sensor is no longer limited by the size of the Home button, and a larger and more complete fingerprint image can be obtained, so it is more difficult to be forged or fraudulent, thereby achieving more reliable matching and A lower rate of false rejections increases security. Larger fingerprint images can also reduce matching delays and reduce the number of presses that may be required when entering. In addition, the ability to recognize fingerprints at any location also allows the user to automatically complete identity authentication without interrupting the operation while the user is operating or paying for the application.
This type of running in the background or ongoing authentication will enhance the user experience. For example, when you swipe to unlock, the phone will automatically complete the identification and authentication. Or when you enter the payment amount, you can complete the certification transaction (multiple times). There is another way to interact. For example, for some transactions, a more obvious authentication process is required and the user's authentication operation is conscious. Then a virtual button can be displayed on the screen to guide the user to “touch hereâ€. Authorization".
Security can be further enhanced by combining technologies such as Synaptics MultiMatchTM with multiple biometrics. This multi-feature fusion engine combines results from fingerprints and face scans to make terminal- and application-level authentication virtually foolproof and guarantee a good user experience. Anti-counterfeiting and artificial intelligence techniques can detect attempts to deceive the biometric matching process with prosthetic fingerprints and/or images. These underlying technologies are all extensible and can support other biometric identity forms, such as speech recognition and even DNA, in the future.
to sum up
Because it provides a more immersive user experience (the excitement of the Samsung Galaxy S8 release is enough to prove this), the large display becomes the key competitiveness of the new high-end mobile phone. Moreover, with the development of related technologies and the realization of economies of scale, even mid- and low-end models will be equipped with comprehensive screens.
But as the user spoke on the back of the S8 fingerprint identification, consumers expect that future models with full screen will return fingerprint recognition to the front of the phone. This will enhance user experience and security by enabling consistent and multi-feature authentication.
Although the technical challenges are daunting, they are not insurmountable. Just as touch and display integration evolved in stages, it is expected that the additional integrated fingerprint sensor in the full touch display will also evolve in stages— initially at a given location, and ultimately anywhere under the glass.
In terms of screen fingerprint technology, no vendor is more prepared than Synaptics. As a pioneering leader in smartphone human-machine interfaces, Synaptics has the core competencies and intellectual property needed to integrate fingerprint sensors and touch in full-screen devices.
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