5G millimeter wave reveals natural defects, operators plan to take 3 steps
The 5G process is accelerating, and millimeter waves have become the main problem. Millimeter waves will be applied to future Small Cells and network backhaul. Some agencies predict that by 2019, millimeter waves will replace 20% of LTE backhaul, greatly saving expensive fiber network deployment.
With the advent of the 5G era, the debate about millimeter waves has never stopped. The main focus is on the natural shortcomings of millimeter waves: large signal attenuation, easy blocking, and short coverage. At present, operators' attitudes toward millimeter waves are still conservative, but they have confidence in the future of millimeter waves.
It is well known that the 3G/4G frequency bands are mainly concentrated below 6 GHz, and scarce frequency resources make it extremely difficult to achieve higher download rates. Currently, the development and layout of the fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) is in full swing around the world. 5G will provide a peak download rate of at least 10Gbps and a latency of less than 1 millisecond, which will far exceed current 4G LTE-A technology. Therefore, an important evolution of 5G is about using higher frequency bands, such as 28 GHz, 39 GHz and other millimeter wave bands.
What is a millimeter wave? Strictly speaking, the millimeter wave frequency is 30 GHz to 300 GHz, and the corresponding wavelengths are 10 mm to 1 mm, respectively. In the field of mobile communications, 24 GHz-100 GHz is commonly referred to as a 5G millimeter wave.
In contrast, the highest frequency carrier in the 4G-LTE band is around 2 GHz, and the available spectrum bandwidth is only 100 MHz. Therefore, if the millimeter wave band is used, the spectrum bandwidth can be easily reduced by 10 times, and the transmission rate can be greatly improved. In the 5G era, we can easily use the millimeter wave band to easily watch Blu-ray quality movies on the 5G mobile phone.
However, with regard to millimeter waves, there has been constant debate. The main focus is on the natural shortcomings of millimeter waves: large signal attenuation, easy blocking, and short coverage. Moreover, although China Mobile has jointly implemented the millimeter wave mobilization jointly with Qualcomm and ZTE, the application of millimeter wave has truly “turned into realityâ€. However, the attitude of operators to millimeter waves is still relatively conservative. China Unicom's millimeter wave application will lag behind C band for 3 to 5 years. China Mobile is expected to lag behind for 2 years. China Telecom depends on the progress of high frequency industry.
In addition, the fact that the millimeter wave is attenuated in the air is very large, which hinders its development. It is doomed that the millimeter wave technology is not suitable for use in outdoor mobile terminals and base stations. At present, the plans adopted by major manufacturers for the 5G frequency band are to use the more traditional 6 GHz frequency band to ensure signal coverage in outdoor open areas, and to use ultra-high-speed data transmission by using micro base stations plus millimeter wave technology indoors.
At the "2017 Future ICT International Symposium" hosted by the Future Mobile Communications Forum, the three major operators each expressed their understanding and views on millimeter waves.
As Yi Zhiling, the chief scientist of the China Mobile Research Institute, foresees, “5G is a small meat that has to chase the millimeter wave of Baifumei, and it has to continue to work hard.†In specific actions, Ma Hongbing, deputy general manager of China Unicom Network Construction Department pointed out Based on the wide application of millimeter wave, China Unicom will actively promote the research and experiment of millimeter wave. Specifically, China Unicom believes that the future research and promotion plan for millimeter waves will be divided into three steps.
In addition, Yang Fengyi, deputy director of China Telecom Innovation Center, also expressed his views on millimeter waves. He believes that the propagation characteristics of the high-wave band are poor, and the coverage of millimeter waves is much lower than that of the traditional decimeter wave band, which is not suitable for the initial basic 5G network construction.
However, Yang Fengyi is still confident in the future application of millimeter wave. "In the future, with the gradual maturity of the mobile phone industry chain, indoor and outdoor hotspot broadband services (eMBB) are also the main applications of high frequency. Office / residential area (indoor scene), stadium / Intensive gatherings (outdoor scenes), shopping malls/train stations and other intensive scenes, medical device interconnection, IDC room interconnection, industrial Internet applications, etc. will become the main application aspects of high-frequency technology."
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