A text to understand the definition and selection of stepper motor models

As an actuator, stepper motor is one of the key products of mechatronics and is widely used in various automation control systems. So, do you know which models of stepper motors are available? How is it defined? This paper mainly introduces the definition and selection of stepper motor models. Firstly, it introduces the characteristics and classification of stepper motors. Secondly, it describes the model definition and description of stepper motors. Finally, the selection and precautions of stepper motors are introduced.

Stepper motor is an open-loop control motor that converts electrical pulse signals into angular displacement or linear displacement. It is the main actuator in modern digital program control systems and is widely used. In the case of non-overload, the speed and stop position of the motor depend only on the frequency of the pulse signal and the number of pulses, and are not affected by the load change. When the stepper driver receives a pulse signal, it drives the stepper motor. The set direction is rotated by a fixed angle called the "step angle" whose rotation is performed step by step at a fixed angle. The angular displacement can be controlled by controlling the number of pulses to achieve the purpose of accurate positioning. At the same time, the speed and acceleration of the motor rotation can be controlled by controlling the pulse frequency, thereby achieving the purpose of speed regulation.

The stepping motor is an induction motor. Its working principle is to use electronic circuit to supply power when the DC power is changed into components. The multi-phase timing control current is used to supply the stepping motor with this current, and the stepping motor can work normally. The driver is a time-sharing power supply for the stepper motor, multi-phase timing controller.

1. The accuracy of the general stepper motor is 3-5% of the step angle and does not accumulate.

2. The maximum temperature allowed by the stepper motor. If the temperature of the stepping motor is too high, the magnetic material of the motor will be demagnetized firstly, which will cause the torque to drop and even lose the step. Therefore, the maximum allowable temperature of the motor surface should depend on the demagnetization point of the magnetic material of different motors; in general, the demagnetization of the magnetic material The points are all above 130 degrees Celsius, and some even up to 200 degrees Celsius, so the external temperature of the stepper motor is completely normal at 80-90 degrees Celsius.

3. The torque of the stepper motor will decrease as the speed increases. When the stepper motor rotates, the inductance of each phase winding of the motor will form a back electromotive force; the higher the frequency, the larger the back electromotive force. Under its action, the motor decreases with increasing frequency (or speed), resulting in a drop in torque.

4. The stepping motor can run normally at low speed, but if it is higher than a certain speed, it cannot be started, accompanied by howling.

1, the reaction formula

There are windings on the stator and the rotor is made of soft magnetic material. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and small step angle, up to 1.2°, but the dynamic performance is poor, the efficiency is low, the heat is large, and the reliability is difficult to ensure.

2, permanent magnet

The rotor of the permanent magnet stepping motor is made of a permanent magnet material, and the number of poles of the rotor is the same as the number of poles of the stator. It is characterized by good dynamic performance and large output torque, but this motor has poor precision and a large step angle (typically 7.5° or 15°).

3, mixed

The hybrid stepping motor combines the advantages of reactive and permanent magnets. It has multi-phase windings on the stator, permanent magnet materials on the rotor, and multiple small teeth on the rotor and stator to improve step accuracy. The utility model has the advantages of large output torque, good dynamic performance and small step angle, but the structure is complex and the cost is relatively high.

1. How many models are there in the stepper motor?

A: 28.42.57.86.110.130.

2. Are these numbers representative of the size of the motor?

A: These models are named according to the diameter of the base of the motor.

3. What are the English models other than BYG? What do you mean?

A: The more used ones are hybrid stepping motors. And now this kind of thing has been made in China. The naming of each manufacturer is different. So can't give you a better explanation.

1. Determine how much torque is needed: Static torque is one of the main parameters for selecting a stepper motor. When the load is large, a large torque motor is required. When the torque index is large, the shape of the motor is also large.

2. Judging the running speed of the motor: When the speed requirement is high, the motor with larger phase current and smaller inductance should be selected to increase the power input. A higher supply voltage is used when selecting the driver.

3. Select the installation specifications of the motor: such as 57, 86, 110, etc., mainly related to the torque requirements.

4. Determine the positioning accuracy and vibration requirements: determine whether subdivision is required and how many subdivisions are required.

5. Select the driver according to the current, subdivision and supply voltage of the motor.

1. Generally, the stepping motor should be selected with a torque greater than 50% to 100% than the actual requirement. Because the stepping motor can not be operated under overload, even an instantaneous overload may cause out-of-step, stop or irregular return. move.

2. The pulse current input by the upper controller must be large enough (generally); 10ma) to ensure that the optocoupler is stably turned on, otherwise the stepper motor will be out of step; if the input pulse frequency is too high, it will be received by individual pulses. Less than enough, the stepper motor is out of step.

3. The starting frequency should not be too high. The acceleration process should be set in the startup program, that is, starting from the specified starting frequency and accelerating to the set frequency, otherwise it may be unstable or even in a passive state.

4. If the motor is not fixed, causing strong resonance, it will also cause the stepper motor to lose synchronization.

5, should understand the inherent weakness of the stepper motor: the input pulse frequency is too high, easy to lead to lost step; the input pulse frequency is too low, prone to resonance; when the speed is high, the torque is significantly reduced.

6. You should understand the performance of the latest stepping motor. If necessary, use an advanced stepping motor system that uses the latest control technology. The advanced system can reduce the resonance of the stepping motor at high speed and reduce the stepping motor. Electromotive force technology increases the torque of the motor at high speeds.

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