Before talking about car networking, talk about V2X technology first.

When it comes to car networking, you might simply understand it as car networking, but specifically car networking refers to electronic components such as GPS positioning, RFID identification, sensors, cameras and image processing integrated in the car, according to the agreed communication. Protocol and data interaction standards, between V2V, V2R, V2I, a large system network for wireless communication and information exchange. V2X plays an important role in car networking and automatic driving safety.

What is the difference between V2X and the Internet of Vehicles?

The Internet of Vehicles uses wireless communication, sensor detection and other technologies to collect information on vehicles, roads, and the environment. Through car-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-road (V2R) information interaction and sharing, intelligent collaboration between vehicles and infrastructure is achieved. Cooperate to realize an integrated network of intelligent traffic management control, vehicle intelligent control and intelligent dynamic information service.

The Internet of Vehicles is an extension of the Internet of Things technology in the field of intelligent transportation systems. The vehicle network security application system architecture includes a sensing layer, a communication layer and an application layer. The sensing layer includes radar, optical radar and image sensors to provide information about the surrounding environment of the vehicle. The communication layer can also be called a vehicle area network (Vehicle Area Network, VAN). ), divided into four parts: in-vehicle communication (TI-communication), vehicle-to-vehicle communication, vehicle-to-vehicle communication (vehicle to vehicle communication) and vehicle communication (vehicle to road communication).

Car networking

V2X refers to the exchange of information between the car and the outside world. It is a general term for a series of in-vehicle communication technologies. V2X includes car-to-vehicle (V2V), car-to-road (V2R), car-to-infrastructure (V2I), car-to-pedestrian (V2P), car-to-locomotive (V2M) and car-to-bus (V2T) class. At present, the development of V2V is the most mature.

V2X

V2X is the key technology of the future intelligent transportation system. It can obtain a series of traffic information such as real-time road conditions, road information and pedestrian information through communication, improve driving safety, reduce congestion, improve traffic efficiency, and provide in-vehicle entertainment information. Based on V2X technology, it can not only improve traffic safety, reduce traffic accidents, but also provide a low-cost, easy-to-implement technology route and infrastructure for autonomous driving, intelligent transportation and vehicle networking innovation.

Three application areas of V2X car networking (Source: Industrial Technology Research Institute)

V2V communication principle and specific application

V2V is the most mature development in V2X. It is necessary to understand the principle and application of V2V. V2V communication is to prevent accidents from occurring, and to send vehicle position and speed information to another vehicle through a dedicated network. By relying on the realization of the technology, the driver can reduce the risk of the accident after receiving the warning or the vehicle itself will take autonomous measures, such as braking deceleration.

V2V communication principle

V2V communication requires a wireless network in which cars transmit information to each other telling them what they are doing, including speed, location, driving direction, braking, and so on. V2V technology uses dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), a standard set up by institutions like FCC and ISO. Sometimes it will be described as a WiFi network, because one frequency that may be used is 5.9 GHz, which is also the frequency used by WiFi. More precisely, the DSRC is a WiFi-like network with a coverage of up to 300 meters.

V2V is a mesh network in which nodes (cars, intelligent traffic lights, etc.) can transmit, capture, and forward signals. A jump of 5-10 nodes on the network can collect traffic conditions one mile away. This has enough time for most drivers.

At the beginning of development, V2V may be a flashing red light warning for the driver or indicate which direction is dangerous, of course, these are still in the concept stage. There are already thousands of test cars, and most prototypes are ready to brake or turn to avoid dangerous levels. The traffic signal or other fixed equipment is V2I, which is the car-infrastructure.

There are many other claims about V2V. Some vendors call it Car-to-X, as well as "internet of cars" and "connected car". It seems that V2V is coming to the fore.

V2V communication application

V2V communication is expected to play a more role in lane departure, adaptive cruise control, blind spot detection, rear parking sonic positioning, and backup photography, compared to current OEM pre-embedded systems. Because V2V technology opens 360-degree intellisense to the surrounding threat. V2V communication has become a branch of the growing application trend of ubiquitous computing, the Internet of Things.

There are three main obstacles to the implementation of V2V communication and intelligent transportation systems: automakers' consensus on standards, data privacy and project funding.

V2R

V2R needs to be divided into two scenarios, the first is the highway and the second is the urban road. The expressway is the first step, and the urban road needs to be based on the identification of the increased identification in the urban road to achieve more complex data judgment and data communication.

V2R on a highway is relatively easy. The first is the clear identification, no sidewalks, traffic lights, pedestrians and other complex road conditions, only need to identify the highway and vehicle driving and highway entrance and exit signs. Secondly, the high-precision map has already laid out the highway in advance. The high-precision map can be accurate to the centimeter level, which is very helpful for the route planning and automatic driving of the vehicle. With the support of high-precision maps, the interaction of V2R will be relatively small and it will be more convenient to handle. Finally, the realization of V2V as soon as possible can also help the rapid development of V2R. Because each car can share the collected road information and pass this information to the cloud to promote the rationalization and perfection of road information.

For urban roads, more information needs to be processed, which requires more information collected by the vehicle, more processing power, and is associated with both V2I and V2P, which is the most realized realization of automatic driving. Difficult obstacles. Perhaps a proprietary transportation route or public transportation is the main way for future human travel, and it is worth exploring and in-depth research.

V2R is now developed through millimeter-wave radar and cameras. It supports high-precision maps and cloud support. As long as V2V is realized, semi-automatic driving and automatic driving are not far away on the highway.

V2I

The I in V2I does not refer to the telecommunication infrastructure, but refers to all the infrastructure encountered during the driving of the vehicle. This includes traffic lights, bus stops, utility poles, buildings, overpasses, tunnels and much more.

The V2I communication function will specifically adopt the 760MHz frequency band of the vehicle intelligent transportation system. Using this frequency band, the basic communication between the basic implementation and the vehicle can be realized without affecting the on-board sensor, so that the necessary key information can be obtained. When the visibility at the intersection is poor, the V2I communication system can receive the traffic light information, and receive the information of the vehicle and pedestrian through the V2V and V2P systems, and submit it to the vehicle brain (AB) system, and the vehicle brain passes the vehicle operating system. (AOS) Analytical processing, controlling whether the car continues to drive or continues to wait.

V2P

V2P is a technology that is closely related to everyone, and it is not only a technical issue, but also rises to the national, social, privacy, and moral levels, and thus becomes very difficult to achieve. The information found in the network was also brought in by clever and random.

In fact, V2P is not as complicated as it might seem. After all, the era of a mobile phone is now coming. Whether it is a mobile phone, especially a wearable device, you can guestly interact with the P module mentioned in this article to realize the interactive communication with the V module in the vehicle.

So what should the P module use? The author believes that LTE-V-Cell in LTE-V is an effective tool for implementing V2I, because all P (active people, people only have activities to make sense) are required to move at any time, equipped with a module that can be interconnected at any time. Only then can the vehicle be received at any time. The vehicle can be effectively supplemented with a camera, radar sensor and other identification technologies to effectively implement V2P.

KNB1-32 Miniature Circuit Breaker

KNB1-32 Mini Circuit breakers, also named as the air switch which have a short for arc extinguishing device. It is a switch role, and also is a automatic protection of low-voltage electrical distribution. Its role is equivalent to the combination of switch. Fuse. Thermal Relay and other electrical components. It mainly used for short circuit and overload protection. Generally, According to the poles, mini Circuit breaker can be divided into 1P , 1P+N , 2P, 3P and 4P.

KNB1-32 Miniature Circuit Breaker,KNB1-32 Electronics Miniature Circuits Breaker,KNB1-32 Automatic Miniature Circuit Breaker,KNB1-32 Mini Circuit Breaker

Wenzhou Korlen Electric Appliances Co., Ltd. , https://www.zjmoldedcasecircuitbreaker.com