Nuclear radiation monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless sensing

Aiming at the monitoring needs of special environment nuclear radiation in some areas, a design scheme based on ZigBee wireless sensing monitoring system is proposed. Taking TI's CC2530 chip as the core, CC2591 chip and PC host computer build the hardware platform of the system network. The system can not only monitor the gamma radiation dose, but also monitor the atmospheric parameters such as temperature and humidity, rainfall, and achieve data collection, processing, transmission, display and over-limit alarm.

Because nuclear radiation terrorist incidents and nuclear radiation accidents are sudden and have great harm to the country's political, economic and social security, it is easy to cause social unrest. Secondly, nuclear power is a clean and safe energy source. Although the probability of major accidents is very low, it must be Prepare for a full nuclear emergency. Most of China's nuclear radiation monitoring systems are wired sensing networks. The application of ZigBee technology in nuclear radiation monitoring has solved the shortcomings of signal delay, signal distortion and low signal accuracy of wired transmission. . At the same time, the atmospheric parameters such as temperature, humidity and rainfall can be monitored as reference parameters for comprehensive analysis and judgment of gamma radiation dose.

1.1 Basic principles

ZigBee technology is a new type of short-range wireless communication technology based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The advantages are flexible networking, simple structure, low power consumption and low cost. There are three types of wireless sensor network topology based on ZigBee technology, which are star network structure, tree network structure and mesh network structure, as shown in Figure 1. The full-featured device represents the coordinator or sensor node, which can communicate with any other device; the semi-functional device can only be a sensor node. The star network structure shown in the figure consists of a coordinator and several terminal nodes, which is suitable for a range of environmental monitoring applications; the tree network structure is composed of a coordinator and several star networks, suitable for small data volume. However, large-scale monitoring occasions; peer-to-peer communication between devices in the mesh structure, each node can communicate with other nodes in the communication range. Since the monitoring system has many nodes and large scales, considering that the data transmission of each node in the mesh network structure can select multiple paths, the reliability is high. When a problem occurs in a certain path, the measurement data can be continuously transmitted through other paths, which is very good for avoiding data loss or omission. Therefore, the sensor network structure of the design selects a mesh network structure, and the specific structure is as shown in FIG. 1. Shown.

Figure 1 Topology

1.2 system overall design structure

The nuclear radiation monitoring system is composed of a host computer, a coordinator, a routing node network, and a sensor terminal node, wherein the router node network is formed by multiple routers communicating with each other. The system structure block diagram is shown in Figure 2. The various sensors of the system terminal node respectively collect the gamma radiation dose and various atmospheric data, and then transmit the data to the router, and through the mutual communication and data processing between the router nodes, the data is transmitted to the upper computer through the coordinator, and the upper computer pair The measured data is subjected to comprehensive analysis and processing, and the obtained data will give an alarm signal if it exceeds the set gamma radiation dose. At the same time, the host computer can manage and display data, which is convenient for users to carry out monitoring and query.

Figure 2 Nuclear radiation detection system based on Zigbee technology

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