The future of smart grid development in the South, see if you have not arrived in your hometown

China's Ministry of Science and Technology has clearly pointed out that smart grid is an important platform for implementing new energy strategies and optimizing energy resource allocation, covering all aspects of power generation, transmission, distribution, power consumption and dispatching. It will make extensive use of advanced information and materials technologies to achieve Large-scale access and utilization of clean energy, improve energy efficiency, and ensure safe, reliable, and high-quality power supply.

Strategic needs for developing smart grids

The smart grid is the embodiment of the development of the power and energy industry in the world today. International and domestic enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions have proposed their own smart grid definitions and solutions, reflecting the need to develop smart grids. China's Ministry of Science and Technology has clearly pointed out that smart grid is an important platform for implementing new energy strategies and optimizing energy resource allocation, covering all aspects of power generation, transmission, distribution, power consumption and dispatching. It will make extensive use of advanced information and materials technologies to achieve Large-scale access and utilization of clean energy, improve energy efficiency, and ensure safe, reliable, and high-quality power supply.

The guiding ideology for arranging smart grid research projects in China is to combine the national conditions of China, meet the needs of the country, rely on independent innovation, and strengthen industrial research with enterprises as the main body. By overcoming key technologies, forming standard systems, completing demonstration projects, and implementing promotion and application, the following objectives are achieved: 1 Promoting the development of clean energy, and winning greater initiative and influence for the country in responding to global climate change and other international issues; The improvement of energy utilization efficiency and the optimization of energy utilization mode to meet the needs of social and economic development; 3 Promote the formation of smart grid industry chain and internationally competitive enterprises, gain international technological superiority and promote international standardization. Its principle is to reflect the needs of the country, reflect the national goals, consolidate the key directions, and base on independent innovation to achieve overall breakthroughs.

Realizing the real needs of smart grids

The actual demand for the development of smart grids is mainly manifested in the emergence of intermittent energy sources that are difficult to predict, difficult to dispatch, and difficult to control in addition to traditional power sources; a large number of intermittent energy sources may appear on the power supply side in a centralized access manner, or may be dispersed. The way of access appears on the load side; the distributed energy supply system represented by the cogeneration of cold and heat is emerging; the load is no longer a pure load, and the energy may flow in both directions. Then there are the problems faced by the power grid, such as the safety and stability of the large power grid, the long-distance and large-capacity transportation and the impact on the safety and stability of the system; the improvement in power supply reliability and power efficiency; and the new electric vehicles. The influence of form on the power grid, such as aggravating power fluctuations on the load side, affecting safety and power quality, and the characteristics of high power and low power affect the economics of grid operation.

Therefore, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. focuses on solving the urgently needed key technologies from the national level to solve the problem of large-scale intermittent energy and distributed power access problems as a main line of scientific research on the 12th Five-Year Plan. The guiding ideology is that the new energy access, energy storage, user interaction, electric vehicles and other aspects are supported by science and technology plans. The enterprise is the main body of the grid, main equipment and dispatching platform. The problems of the power grid itself, including the network, main equipment, and scheduling issues, may be mainly solved by enterprises. Therefore, the state has deployed “Smart Technology Key Technology R&D (Phase I, Phase II)” in the 12th Five-Year Advanced Energy Technology Field. In the first phase, one management key project and 21 projects were arranged, including five topics undertaken by China Southern Power Grid Corporation. In 2011, the second phase of smart grid technology development was launched, including management project support plans and theme projects.

Smart grid key technology research and development

The first phase of smart grid key technology research and development mainly focuses on six key technical directions: large-scale centralized access to intermittent energy grid-connected technology, high-density distributed power grid-connected technology, grid technology to support the development of electric vehicles, and large-capacity storage. Energy system, intelligent power distribution and power technology, and intelligent dispatching and intelligent power transmission and transformation technology. The second phase of 2011 was called “Advanced Analysis and Optimization of Smart Grid”, and a major 863 special project was arranged with 18 topics. Six projects were undertaken by China Southern Power Grid. It also includes the 12th Five-Year Plan, which has 4 major projects: the comprehensive demonstration project of smart grid characterized by low-carbon grid in Jiangxi Gongqingcheng, and the comprehensive demonstration of smart grid characterized by multi-link comprehensive interaction in Ningxia Autonomous Region. Project, Hainan Province's regional smart grid comprehensive demonstration project, Shanghai Chongming Island's smart grid comprehensive demonstration project featuring large-scale renewable energy utilization. The four integrated demonstration projects include demonstrations from the entire province to the entire grid, a central area, and a special regional smart grid.

Strategic Planning of Smart Grid in China Southern Power Grid

The guiding ideology of China Southern Power Grid's smart grid construction is to promote the construction of smart grids in a realistic way. With the principle of demand guidance, overall planning, orderly advancement, and key breakthroughs, we will do a good job in top-level design and build a rational smart grid development system. The key direction is Strive for breakthroughs in key areas, conduct standard research at the same time, standardize the work related to smart grids, and promote them in an orderly manner. At the same time, demonstrations will be carried out first, and implementation will be carried out after gaining experience. Positioning is to build an intelligent, efficient and reliable green grid to improve the safety and stability of the power system, improve the efficiency of system and asset utilization, improve energy efficiency management and quality service level on the user side, improve resource allocation and efficient use, and promote resources. A goal of a conservation-oriented, environment-friendly society.

In terms of implementation plan, China Southern Power Grid will be divided into two phases in the next 10 years. The first phase is planning, research and demonstration, and the second phase is demonstration, promotion and improvement. The current plan has passed the expert review. In fact, the smart grid divides it into five key areas, 17 research directions, and more than 50 key technologies. At the same time, the distribution of key technologies for power distribution has arranged more than 50 standards, including national standards, industry standards, and enterprise standards. It also includes some demonstration projects, with special demonstrations and comprehensive demonstrations, which constitute a whole. Technical research is used to further develop standards, to demonstrate technical research through demonstrations, and to further guide the deepening of key technology research through demonstration projects.

The characteristics of China Southern Power Grid include large capacity, UHV, long-distance transmission, AC and DC parallel. Among them, the capacity of China Southern Power Transmission to the South China Power Grid accounts for about one-third of Guangdong. The problems faced by China Southern Power Grid in terms of coal, hydropower, wind energy and natural gas resources. By the end of 2010, the total installed capacity of power supply in the five southern provinces (regions) was 170 GW, of which coal-fired power and thermal power accounted for 56%, hydropower accounted for 37%, nuclear power was close to 3%, relatively high, and wind energy accounted for a small proportion.

The problem now is that the proportion of hydropower is relatively high, and the regulation of water and fire is difficult. In addition, the power supply from the load center needs a larger range of resource optimization configuration, which further highlights the problem of grid security and stability. Then there is a large amount of small hydropower connected to the grid in the west, which will cause fluctuations in power, increase in low frequency, and with the development of large-scale offshore wind power, the problem of large-scale wind power access. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out advanced energy-saving development standards, wind power prediction, large-scale access to small hydropower, and distributed power sources. The problems faced in scheduling include early warning, weak decision-making ability, inefficient data intensification, and unsatisfactory response speed. Therefore, China Southern Power Grid has strengthened the research on large-capacity AC power early warning technology for large power grids. At present, it has made some special topics for studying the scale of DC power transmission in 2030. At the same time, in the focus of the integrated power grid operation intelligent access, in the future, there can be a substation in the middle of the substation through the data service bus to connect it together to form a network ground line together, such a hierarchical integration of the second system. In terms of power transmission, there are some problems such as excessive supply, difficult control, low level of equipment operation supervision, and weak ability to resist natural disasters. Therefore, several technical facilities centers are currently under construction, including lightning positioning centers, line ice flotation warning and monitoring centers, equipment status monitoring centers, technical supervision centers, simulation technology centers and intelligence centers.

Substation cockpit technology, so that the substation operators face the same system as the car cockpit, whether in Guangdong, or in Yunnan, Guizhou, whether it is 500,000 substations or 110,000 substations, the monitoring system interface is the same The structure is consistent and its function is modular. At present, this work has passed the program demonstration, and four pilot projects are starting.

In the power distribution field, China Southern Power Grid also has weak network structure, low distribution network automation, low intelligence, and a large gap between power supply reliability and world-class power supply companies. It is considering researching intellectual technology, including distribution network. Intelligent technology, intelligent network dispatching technology, and distribution network DC technology, China Southern Power Grid will consider constructing a ring network DC distribution network project in Shenzhen. On the one hand, it will improve the power transmission capacity of the project load center area and give play to the advantages of flexible DC transmission. In the financial district of Foshan, Guangdong, the government led a project to implement a distribution network (intellectual education).

In terms of power consumption, there is a problem of poor communication channels with user information and insufficient service capabilities. Currently, flexible and interactive integrated key technologies, electric vehicle and grid interaction technologies, energy conservation and energy efficiency assessment technologies, energy storage technologies, etc. are being developed. Invention project.

In the field of information communication, there is a need for perfect distribution, massive, high-speed information collection, processing and integration support systems, lack of professional smart grid application analysis model and unified decision analysis platform. The security system of distribution network automation system is not perfect, smart grid Insufficient information security protection framework and security evaluation system are not enough, and we are ready to carry out integrated information representation model from information communication security, intelligent monitoring, control and self-recovery technology for main network communication network, advanced information security status monitoring, diagnosis and evaluation technology, etc. key technology research.

The 863 Phase I project of China Southern Power Grid has made a megawatt-class energy storage power station project—the megawatt energy storage station of China Southern Power Grid in Longgang District, Shenzhen. The equipment is 4 hours and 10 megawatts. The current phase is 4 hours. 5 MW, the first phase is now built 4 MW, and 1 MW is ready for bidding. The first MW was invested in January 2011. The entire floor area is 4,100 square meters and is divided into two floors. Before the project, the technology of various batteries was compared. Finally, the number of cycles and energy density of the lithium battery was relatively high. Therefore, the 4 megawatts of this project all chose lithium batteries, all of which were aluminum iron phosphate batteries, of which 3 MW is provided by BYD, and 1 MW is provided by BOC Lithium. Battery manufacturers have also done long-term analysis and research on batteries. For example, when using double the battery capacity for cyclic charging, if it is charged or discharged more than 2 times, it can still reach 80% to 90% of the capacity, if it is doubled. The drop is more obvious. If it is reduced to 60%~70% after 5,000 times, the battery will not be available.

The functions of the Southern Power Grid for lithium battery energy storage design include: peak clipping, system frequency modulation, system voltage regulation, island operation, power quality management, and flexible access of new energy. It is mainly the operation of cutting the peaks and filling the valleys. It is charging at the bottom of the valley. At the peak, it discharges twice, suppressing the peaks and discharging them in the way of tracking power. Now, each battery is about 500,000 kWh per month. Now about a month, each group of 4 batteries is one megawatt and two 500 kilowatts are connected in parallel. We call eight chargers. The total charging of more than 300 times has 400-500 times of discharge. In fact, the current data is still very stable, and the operation is also very good. In August 2011, the number of times of charge and discharge will be a little more, because August is a world student athlete in Shenzhen.

The difference between this type of battery and the battery on the electric car is obviously longer and the cost will be lower. It also compares the electric energy storage station and (pumped storage). In addition to running two or three tanks in operation (pumped storage), this battery storage station can be operated in four boxes, and reactive adjustment can be performed. In addition to this, it It is higher in efficiency than (pumped storage). It is 75% efficient, which is 3 degrees of electricity with 4 degrees of electricity, but its cost is currently much higher than pumped storage because there is still a life. problem.

The Hainan Smart Grid Integrated Demonstration Project also took on a situation in 21 national projects. The Hainan Island Integrated Demonstration Project mainly includes seven major contents: 1 A large-scale intermittent energy and energy storage equipment and load coordinated collaborative road system will be built in Haikou Bay, because Hainan also has a large amount of wind power access, in some cases. Its intermittent energy penetration rate can reach or exceed 15%. This intermittent energy source is also a research topic of the power grid. 2 Pumped storage and car charging and discharging stations and various forms of energy storage optimization configuration, in Hainan to build two 650,000 nuclear power units, supporting the construction of a pumped storage power station. 3 Construction of state monitoring of intelligent substations and equipment. 4 Construction of some electric vehicle charging and discharging facilities. 5 interactive demonstration of residential areas. 6 interactive demonstration of civilized ecological village users. 7 hotel group intelligent self-healing distribution network, intelligent micro-network, large-scale energy storage, user interaction, electric vehicle demonstration. Through the research of these projects, the overall consumption capacity of intermittent energy sources will be improved, and the reliability of the system will be improved. In the demonstration area of ​​smart grid intellectual education control, the reliability of power supply should be no less than 99.999%. It is necessary to greatly improve the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation. At the same time, it is necessary to build 12 electric vehicle charging and discharging facilities to realize green and free travel around the island. In the future, 12 buildings will be built around Hainan Island and 12 electric vehicle charging stations will be built on the roundabout road. It can maximize the benefits of power users, power generation companies, power grid companies and society, that is, maximize the benefits of social and economic environment.

in conclusion

The construction of smart grid is the direction of future power grid development. It needs power industry and power companies, and all walks of life pay attention to it. At the same time, smart grid construction is also a long-term and arduous and complicated system work. China Southern Power Grid will seek truth from facts to determine its own development route. And phase objectives, to distribute implementation, and focus on advancement.

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