What are the key technologies of the Internet of Things?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an information carrier based on the Internet and traditional telecommunication networks, allowing all common physical objects that can be independently addressed to communicate. It is an important part of the new generation of information technology, which has developed rapidly in recent years and has broad application prospects.
The industry chain of the Internet of Things can be subdivided into four parts: identification, perception, information transmission and data processing. The core technologies include radio frequency identification technology, sensing technology, network and communication technology and data mining and fusion technologies. The following will be introduced separately.
RFID technology RFID technology is a contactless automatic identification technology that utilizes radio frequency signals and their spatially coupled transmission characteristics to achieve automatic identification of static or moving objects to be identified, and is used to "standardize" the information of the collection points. In view of RFID technology, it can realize automatic contactless identification, all-weather, strong penetrating ability, no contact wear, and can realize automatic identification of multiple items at the same time. This technology is applied to the field of Internet of Things to make it The combination of the Internet and communication technologies can realize the tracking and sharing of information on a global scale, and play a vital role in the level of “identification†information and short-range communication of the Internet of Things. On the other hand, the product electronic code (EPC) uses RFID electronic tag technology as a carrier, which greatly promotes the development and application of the Internet of Things.
RFID radio frequency identification technology is composed of the following aspects. First, it is an object with identification on a certain thing, which is an RFID electronic tag. Second, an RFID reader/writer, reading or writing is attached to an electronic tag. The information on the information can be static or dynamic. Third, the RFID antenna is used to transmit signals between the reader and the tag. Corresponding hardware and software matching is required in life applications.
RFID radio frequency identification technology uses superior conditions to encourage humans to manage and automatically identify things and facilities in a static or dynamic state. The difficult question involved in the development of this technology is how to choose the best working frequency and confidentiality protection.
Radio frequency schematic
Information collection is the foundation of the Internet of Things, and current information collection is mainly done through sensors, sensor nodes and electronic tags. As a detection device, the sensor is a key device for ingesting information. Because its environment is usually harsh, the Internet of Things puts high demands on sensor technology. One is its ability to feel information, and the other is the intelligence and networking of the sensor itself. Sensor technology should achieve development and breakthrough in these two aspects.
The Internet of Things is often in the natural environment, and sensors are subject to harsh environments. Therefore, the requirements for sensor technology will be more stringent and more demanding.
Sensors can collect large amounts of information and are a must-have for many equipment and information systems. If no sensor detects, alters, and captures the original information, all control and testing cannot be achieved. Even the most advanced computers, without information and reliable data, can't effectively use the sensor itself. There are three aspects to the breakthrough and development of sensor technology: network, sensory information, and intelligence.
As a basic channel for information communication and service support for the Internet of Things, it can enhance the information security and reliable transmission by adapting the professional and interconnection functions of existing network communication technologies to meet the business needs of low mobility and low data rate of the Internet of Things. Is a focus of current IoT research. Sensor network communication technology mainly includes two aspects: wide area network communication and short-range communication. The wide area mainly includes IP Internet, 2G/3G/4G mobile communication, satellite communication and other technologies, and the development of new network with iPv6 as the core, The Internet of Things provides users with efficient transmission channels; in the short-range, the current mainstream is the short-range communication technology represented by IEEE802.15.4.
From the sensing layer of the Internet of Things to the application layer, the variety and quantity of various information are multiplied, and the amount of data to be analyzed is also increased in stages. It also involves data between various heterogeneous networks or multiple systems. Convergence problem, how to mine hidden information and effective data from massive data in time brings great challenges to data processing. Therefore, how to integrate, mine and intelligently process massive data is a difficult problem of Internet of Things. . Combined with distributed computing technologies such as P2P and cloud computing, it has become a way to solve the above problems.
cloud computing
Cloud computing is the product of merging some related network technologies and computers. It uses the information calculated by distributed computers and the operational data center to be similar to the Internet, enabling resources to be applied to useful technologies and making necessary consultations on storage systems and computers. The purpose is to low-cost processing and integration of various consumption into a fully functional entity, and can also use MSP, SAAS and other modes to distribute and calculate to end users. Cloud computing is focused on strengthening and improving its processing capabilities, and the burden on user terminals is correspondingly reduced. I/O devices can also be simplified, and their computing functions can be reasonably enjoyed and utilized. Search functions such as Baidu are one of its applications.
Cloud computing provides a new high-efficiency computing model for the Internet of Things, which provides dynamic and scalable low-cost computing on demand through the network. It has a relatively reliable and secure data center, while also having the convenience, cheap and mainframe of Internet services. The ability to easily share data and applications between different devices, users do not have to worry about information leakage, hacking and other difficult issues. Cloud computing is a milestone in the development of information technology. It emphasizes the aggregation, optimization and dynamic allocation of information resources, saving informationization costs and greatly improving the efficiency of data centers.
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