What factors have influenced the mileage of electric vehicles?
Whether it is an electric car or a four-wheel drive vehicle, as long as it is powered by electricity, it follows the same principle: under the same conditions, the higher the battery capacity, the longer the natural mileage.
With the development of the electric vehicle industry, the "mileage range" has always been the most troublesome problem for many electric vehicle owners and prospective owners. What factors have influenced the mileage of electric vehicles?
For this issue, it is estimated that many friends who just bought an electric car or are preparing to buy an electric car are also puzzled. So today, as far as everyone is concerned, there are several factors that limit the mileage of electric vehicles.
battery
Whether it is an electric car or a four-wheel drive vehicle, as long as it is powered by electricity, it follows the same principle: under the same conditions, the higher the battery capacity, the longer the natural mileage. Batteries for electric cars are like fuel tanks for traditional fuel cars. The fuel tank is big, the fuel is more, and it goes naturally farther.
That may be a bit strange to some friends, since the battery is a "better" thing, why not double into the battery? As a result, the mileage of the vehicle has doubled.
In theory, this idea is feasible, but in fact there is a "reasonable value" for everything, and so does the battery. Take Chidou D2, Jianghuai iev7 and Tesla Model S for example. Their car lengths are 2809mm, 4320mm and 4970mm, respectively.
If the thickness and width are ignored for the time being, the captain will also represent their ability to load batteries. So, from a general point of view, only 155 kilometers of Chizu D2 battery life, 280 kilometers of the life of Jianghuai iev7, while the Tesla Model S (75D)'s battery life is 469 kilometers, which is also positively related to the length of the car listed above. of.
From the perspective of space, electric vehicles currently on the market have basically installed as many batteries as possible within their respective vehicle sizes to ensure that the vehicle's life and vehicle volume are within a balanced range.
In addition to the volume, the weight is also an important reason for the battery capacity being constrained. This is why the power battery manufacturers in China are now working hard to study batteries with higher energy density ratios. Because the increase in energy density means that the battery capacity is increased under constant volume and weight.
However, the higher the energy density, the higher the cost of the battery. Therefore, under the constraints of these three conditions, electric vehicle engineers can only find a balance between the three based on vehicle positioning. Only in this way can the cruising range, body size and sales price of the vehicle be within the consumer's acceptance.
Electronic control
In addition to the performance and quality of the battery itself, electronic control is also an important factor affecting the cruising range of electric vehicles. Electronic control is what we often call BMS (Battery Management System). It is responsible for the safety monitoring and effective management of the power battery of electric vehicles, so that the power battery works in the best state, and improves the efficiency and reliability of the power battery. Extend its service life.
In simple terms, the work of the BMS includes: preventing overcharging, overdischarging, controlling the temperature of the power battery pack, controlling the charge balance of the power battery pack, monitoring battery pack abnormalities, and evaluating the remaining power of the power battery pack. One of the major factors that affect the EV's cruising range is "battery temperature."
The discharge efficiency of an electric vehicle battery is affected by the ambient temperature. If the temperature is too low or the temperature is too high, the power battery will be discharged incompletely, which will directly affect the cruising range. Therefore, an excellent BMS can not only detect the current working temperature of the battery at any time, but also can adjust the temperature of the battery according to the needs, so that the battery pack is always at a relatively suitable operating temperature, and the best discharge efficiency is achieved as much as possible. .
Motor
It is also a tool to convert energy (fuel) into power. The status of the motor in an electric vehicle is probably equivalent to the engine in a conventional fuel vehicle. Many people think that the motor is just a tool to drive the vehicle. It only affects the vehicle's speed and speed and other performance indicators, and has nothing to do with the mileage.
However, in general, the power of the motor should be negatively related to the cruising range of the vehicle. This is like the same two AA batteries, which can work continuously for several years in electronic timepieces, but they run out for a few hours and run out of power.
Electric vehicle manufacturers are also facing such problems when they are developing an electric vehicle. If a 500kW high-power motor is used, the performance of the vehicle will naturally not be said, but the range may be affected. However, if a small 150kW motor is used, the mileage will definitely improve, but it is only necessary to move from a standstill. Acceleration to 100km/h is estimated to take about 10 seconds.
Therefore, how to match a suitable motor based on the target customers of the current model is a problem that every electric vehicle manufacturer needs to consider. If your target audience likes to drive hard, then it is obviously more cost-effective to sacrifice their cruising miles to meet their needs, but if they prefer a long battery life product that can run 500 kilometers on a single journey and only need to charge 1 time per week for commuting. , Properly reduce the motor power can also help the vehicle to extend cruising range.
Of course, the consumer’s driving habits directly determine the daily operating power of the motor, so if you want to make your electric car more distant, keep a good driving habit and try to avoid prolonged intense driving. Effective way.
In fact, in addition to the battery, electronic control, motor, there are many more subtle factors affecting the length of the cruising range, but due to the impact of the magnitude is too small not to go into details.
All in all, when a car company designs and builds an electric car, although the cruising range is definitely one of the important metrics, it is not the only standard. In addition to battery life, an outstanding automotive product also needs to focus on many other aspects, such as comfort, luxury, security, and so on.
Therefore, whether it is for the cruising range itself, or for a comprehensive consideration of a car, automotive engineers are more likely to seek a balance among these different conditions. To ensure that the vehicle has no problems in all aspects, as far as possible to meet consumer demand for cruising mileage.
In other words, if we can build a very remote electric car that can run without anything, can we build it?
Certainly it is possible, but this car may have already disappeared what everybody's car should look like. For example, it is a large tank like a tank. It has no seats in addition to a driver's seat. It does not have air conditioners, stereos, or even seat belts. There is no sense of comfort in driving. The only one that is satisfying is the It has a long cruising range of 2000 kilometers. If you have such a long-range electric car, would you like it?
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