The steering wheel does not require a driver's operation, and the bus automatically turns at the intersection. When a pedestrian or an obstacle is encountered, it is automatically braked and stops automatically at the station.
On December 14, 21st Century Business Herald reporter took the test of the unmanned bus that first appeared in Shenzhen recently. Around 12 noon, there were only sporadic vehicles and pedestrians inside the dedicated lines in the Futian Free Trade Zone. Buses depart from the main station, pass through two stations, and return to the terminus. Counting start-ups, stopovers, parking, and so on, the journey took about 12 minutes, and the speed was about 10-30 km/hour. Apart from feeling slower while sitting in a car, there was almost no difference from a traditional bus.
The "Alfaba" smart driving public transportation system built by the Shenzhen Bus Group's joint government department, a number of car companies, and universities has recently attracted rapid attention in social media. Some commentators said: Shenzhen fired the first shot of "Farewell to the driver."
Strictly speaking, Alfabar’s driver still has a driver. Under complex road conditions or sudden situations, the driver can switch to manual mode simply by stepping on the brakes. The route is currently only in the trial phase and is only open for specific invited groups.
The public transportation lines are fixed, there are special lanes, and the speed is slow. The difficulty of identifying scenes is also reduced. If we look at the grading standards commonly used for unmanned driving, the intelligent public transport can achieve automatic driving under limited conditions.
Zheng Liyao, co-founder of Gaogong Intelligence, told reporters in the 21st Century Business Herald that many cities are doing similar explorations. On the technical level, Shenzhen is not that special. But it is tested on the open road. From the scene, there is indeed a breakthrough.
In fact, under the current laws and regulations in China, vehicles alone can “get on the road†and have already broken many obstacles. Driverless driving has never been just a matter of technology. The greater significance of Shenzhen’s intelligent public transit trial operation is that it opens up the imagination for possible future regulatory changes.
Different from Google, Tesla, Volkswagen, and Baidu, the giants in the unmanned area, Shenzhen has attracted much attention for drone trial operation. The Shenzhen Bus Group and Hailiang Technology are the former. Shenzhen is a local bus management company, the latter was even a little-known company.
Hai Jian Technology Chairman Hu Jianping told the 21st Century Business Herald reporter, “We are not building a car, but creating a platform for innovation. Whether it is regulation or the matching of road systems, it needs government-level promotion.â€
The first open road trial operation in China
It is the first time in the country that Shenzhen is still on trial to run unmanned buses on open roads. For the past ten days or more, bus companies, automakers, industrial parks, and media professionals from all over the country have visited Shenzhen to test rides and visits.
This set of smart driving public transportation system, dubbed “Alfabaâ€, originated from China’s future new energy and smart public transport system (CBSF) demonstration project, initiated by the National Intelligent Transportation System Engineering Technology Research Center and Shenzhen Bus Group. Shenzhen Bus Group , Hailiang technology implementation.
The trial run section is located in the Shenzhen Futian Free Trade Zone. The bus stop signage is displayed. The test route is named “Fubao Line†and consists of three call stations at Hailiang, Shenba and Futian, which are less than 3 kilometers. The four Alpha Bars are divided into two models, all of which are more than 6 meters in length and can accommodate about 20 people.
According to Hu Jianping, Alfaba is a comprehensive solution that can respond to other road users and unexpected situations in real time, achieve pedestrian, vehicle detection, deceleration and avoidance, emergency stop, obstruction bypass, and change under autopilot. Road, automatic stop by the station and other functions.
It has both manual and smart driving modes, which can be switched according to actual needs. During the journey of the reporter’s test ride, the driver did not perform any operation.
Yu Gang, chairman of Shenzhen Bus Group, introduced the media on December 2. Alpha Pakistan is still on trial operation, data collection and situation analysis, and will invite the public to experience it for free without compromising safety and security.
In the past more than ten days, Shenzhen has not experienced severe weather such as heavy rain. Hu Jianping told reporters in the 21st Century Business Herald that testing also requires a process, such as adapting to different seasons and weather, especially in the case of heavy rain, whether automatic driving can be achieved.
At the scene, the reporter saw that Alphabah used a test vehicle license and it was valid until February 3, 2018.
Hu Jianping said that most of the previous innovations were driven by technology companies, but this time it was promoted by the National Association of Public Transport Industry and was supported by the Shenzhen government. We create an innovation platform where all companies that do technology can go to this platform for testing and verification.
Regulatory problem
Although Alphabah has received a special approval, on the first day of the test run, there was a video uploaded to the network - the driver's hands completely left the steering wheel.
Shenzhen Bus Group told reporters that the video quickly attracted the attention of the relevant departments, in the next test run, the driver's hands were asked to put on the steering wheel.
At present, China's "Road Traffic Safety Law" was last amended in 2011. According to regulations, motor vehicles must be driven by qualified drivers in accordance with regulations.
According to the information disclosed on December 2nd, after the trial operation is mature, Shenzhen Bus Group and Hailiang Technology will continue to promote China's future new energy and intelligent public transportation systems in the South University of Science and Technology, Guangming New District and Dapeng New District, and cooperate with the national CBSF project. The implementation of the master plan was implemented on the ground in ten model cities nationwide.
However, Hu Jianping told reporters that there is no clear timetable for this plan, and the formal operation will largely depend on breakthroughs in relevant legislation.
From a global perspective, California is the first region to pass official regulations for driverless cars. By the end of November, 45 companies had obtained California road test licenses.
As a special economic zone, Shenzhen, because of the local legislative power of the SAR, has also been placed on the first exploration of unmanned driving regulations.
At this year’s special forum on smart driving, Guan Zhichao, chief engineer of Shenzhen Comprehensive Traffic Operation Command Center, said that in the future, Shenzhen should focus on building an environment suitable for smart driving. This requires the government to provide land, and it can draw out some pilot areas. In addition, the government's management needs new ideas, and the construction of the traffic management system should also be re-started.
An industry source close to the Shenzhen Communications Commission told 21st Century Business Herald reporter that the overall attitude at the government level is still cautious. The person commented that "If you do well, you can become the country's number one; but once a security incident occurs, it will lead to negative consequences."
Any of Kaixin, vice president of Guangzhou Automobile Group Passenger Vehicle Technology Center pointed out that one of the problems is that if there is a driving accident, it is difficult to define the responsibility.
However, Wang Lejing, co-founder of the Shenzhen Frontier Industry Fund, told reporters in the 21st Century Business Herald that his organization is working with the Shenzhen Legislative Affairs Office to discuss the establishment of special topics to promote regulatory programs. He said that driverless cars are involved in many fields such as automobiles, new energy, artificial intelligence, IT, and transportation. It is suggested that the government set up a special office for coordination.
How far is driverless?
In fact, not only Shenzhen, Beijing, Xiamen, Hangzhou, Wuxi and other cities have made corresponding deployments in the driverless technology and application route.
Most of today's unmanned vehicles that can actually be used on the ground still stay in the L2 to L3 phase, that is, the vehicle can complete some or all of the driving operations, but people are still indispensable for controlling power, such as parks, scenic spots, etc. Semi-enclosed environment for low speed driverless vehicles.
Pavement buses are seen as the next step in the application scenario. Hu Jianping told reporters that buses are fixed-point alignments. In contrast, private passenger vehicles need to be driven under arbitrary scenarios, and the technical difficulty is much greater. For example, only the identification of traffic lights is used during the day and night. In the weather, if the accuracy is less than 100%, there is no way to go.
The iteration of technology continues to advance, but this will in turn bring cost constraints. Zheng Liyao told reporters that the overall cost of the bus is relatively high, and the cost ratio of the autopilot system is relatively low, and most of them have government support. But the price of an L4 assisted driving system is enough to buy a passenger car.
“There will be mass production of passenger cars for the L3 phase in the next year, but it will take at least L2 and L5 to be truly controlled by the vehicles themselves, at least until 2025,†Zheng Liyao said.
Based on technical and regulatory considerations, the current general expectation in the industry is that if local governments can designate a separate lane similar to the BRT channel for unmanned public transport, they can see the possibility of landing in the short term and be relatively simplified. In this scenario, the demand for unmanned technology is also reduced.
On December 14, Sheng Ming, deputy chief planner of the Shenzhen Urban Planning and Design Institute, told reporters of the 21st Century Business Herald that the Shenzhen government had already planned for road facilities.
He Kaixin told reporters of the 21st Century Business Herald, “We have seen in Europe that there are already places in the area of ​​road infrastructure and signage to prepare for the uninhabited trend. The realization of driverlessness is far from the side of the auto companies. ."
The national level is also boosting this process. On December 14th, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the "Three-year Action Plan for the Promotion of the Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence Industry (2018-2020)", which proposes that by 2020, a reliable, safe and real-time intelligent network-linked automobile intelligent platform will be established. , Forming platform related standards, supporting highly automated driving.
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