The development of artificial intelligence makes it possible to “individualize learning†and “deep learningâ€, thereby greatly enhancing the quality of learning. At the same time, artificial intelligence also has the effect of subverting the existing system.
“Isn't the university going to be overturned? This is not a sensational issue. A professor at Harvard predicted that after 20 or 30 years, 50% of universities in the United States are likely to be overturned by the model of artificial intelligence and Internet online teaching. In a recent learning conference sponsored by educational institution Elekki, Huang Yasheng, a professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management, said.
Huang Ya’s focus is on education, especially China’s education and innovation and entrepreneurship education. In this conference entitled “Education Upgrade in the Age of Artificial Intelligenceâ€, Huang Yasheng delivered a speech entitled “The Fostering of Creative Thinking at the Core of Educationâ€. The 21st Century Business Herald reporter interviewed Professor Huang Yasheng.
Large-scale universities are most vulnerable to artificial intelligence
"21st Century": Why is it that universities may be subverted by artificial intelligence and Internet technology?
Huang Yasheng: Studies have shown that people's learning habits and learning abilities are different. For example, some people like to study at night, some people like to study in the morning, but now the university setting forces people with different learning habits to receive education at the same time. This is in itself inefficient. My MIT Institute did an experiment: Students can attend classes in the classroom and they can also take classes online. Experiments show that there is no clear statistical difference between the learning effects of the two methods. In other words, the learning effect of online classes is similar to that of classes in the classroom. why? This is not because teachers do not teach well, but because students can choose their own best way of learning. In addition, teachers will get quick feedback on learning online.
Artificial intelligence and internet technologies can enable customized education that does not rigidly require all students to be on the same scale. I think the best competition is the competition between people and people. This means that I compete with me last year. I will compete with me this year next year. It is a vertical competition, not a horizontal one. I think that through the development of technology in the future, education should help improve oneself.
"21st Century": The university has a history of several hundred years. Has there ever been a technology that can subvert university education? How is it different from current artificial intelligence and internet technology?
Huang Yasheng: I think that in the past few hundred years, the university has not faced a situation of being subverted. On the contrary, the status of the university has been improving, not reduced, because with the development of economy and technology, the demand for university-trained talents is increasing. The reason universities are strong is because university education is difficult to scale. In the classroom, a professor cannot teach too many students at the same time. But now, the problem of the scale of university education has been solved. Science and technology have broken the boundaries of space and time. I teach at U.S. universities and students in China and India can attend classes. Since 2003, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology began to free online courses. At that time, the technology was still unilateral. Nowadays, students can already ask questions and test online, and the technology is more complicated.
"21st Century": What kind of universities do you think will be subverted by artificial intelligence?
Huang Yasheng: Taking the United States as an example, U.S. universities are divided into three categories: one is a research-oriented comprehensive university, such as Harvard University, MIT, Stanford University, etc.; the other is a university with educational scale advantages, such as many State University; Third, the so-called college of education refinement, such as Williams College.
I think the most vulnerable is the large-scale university. The quality of teaching and the quality of research in many large-scale universities are not so outstanding, and most universities in the United States belong to this type. I think that artificial intelligence and internet technology are still hard to impact on research universities. Research universities have a unique feature. They not only teach the knowledge created by others, but also teach the knowledge created by their own professors. I think that if the technology is to be replaced, then it is still a comparison. hard. In addition, those educationally refined universities with one-on-one, one-on-two teaching are also more difficult to be affected by technology.
Artificial intelligence tests the opportunity cost of learning
"21st Century": In addition to the teaching content itself, is it possible that the university's education system is also subverted by technology?
Huang Yasheng: In fact, the university's supply chain—preparing for exams, taking exams, entering school—has begun to be subverted. A lot of research now shows that those students who score high on the GRE standard test are not necessarily positively related to his performance in the real class. Therefore, many American universities now only use the SAT and GRE scores as reference points.
MIT recently introduced a mini-master's degree, students do not need to go to the GRE can also be eligible for admission, students first learn MIT courses on the Internet, after a concentrated exam, we determine whether to accept according to his test scores. After admission, students still have to go to school, but those classes learned online are counted as credits, saving time, energy, and money. Although online education did not subvert university education, it at least subverted the admission process of some universities.
Another example is the birth of the University of Minerva. It does not follow the traditional model to enroll students. Nowadays, admission to the American University is a very complicated project with objective and subjective standards. The University of Minerva puts all these things aside. It only looks at the students' test scores. The examination design considers whether candidates have comprehensive abilities. I think this is a very great initiative.
"21st Century": Associating with China's college entrance examination system, does it also need to consider the impact of future technology?
Huang Yasheng: I think that the college entrance examination system must be reformed, and the college entrance examination system has a certain degree of rationality. However, exam-oriented education has become an education in China. This is not desirable. When I chat with people engaged in computer engineering research, I asked them what are the easiest parts of education to be replaced by artificial intelligence? The first one they answered was the college entrance examination.
This leads to two problems. The first is that the college entrance examination itself will be replaced by artificial intelligence, but the more profound problem is that if you let students aged 16-18, take two or three years to prepare for the college entrance examination, and this college entrance examination is the most Easy to replace artificial intelligence, then how to measure the cost? This includes the actual cost, which is the amount of time and money spent on learning each day, and more importantly, the opportunity cost. It is in such a long time that in order to prepare for the college entrance examination, there is certainly no way to prepare something, and those things that are not prepared may be It is precisely the most important thing.
So I think that the college entrance examination reform has been appealing for so many years. This kind of appeal has so far been theoretical and conceptual, and the most effective is actually a technical impact. The contents of some college entrance examinations nowadays are particularly meaningless. In the future, they can all be replaced by machine learning. If a student is interested in these contents, I think he should go to study, but if only for exams to study, I think It is necessary to deeply consider this issue. For China, it does not mean that the examination should be cancelled, but it should be considered as an aspect of education, and the proportion should be lower and lower.
Is artificial intelligence a liberation of humanity?
"21st Century": In your opinion, how can universities continue to promote economic and social development in the face of being overturned by technology?
Huang Yasheng: In addition to cultivating talent and creating knowledge in a general sense, universities should promote economic and social development through disruptive innovation and the cultivation of subversive talents. The top universities in the United States not only trained good computer engineers and financial analysts, but also cultivated many destructive innovative talents such as Bill Gates, Jobs, Musk, Zuckerberg, and these talents were not at least used by the United States. University killed.
Flexibility is very important, for example, Bill Gates and Harvard University proposed to start a business, Harvard University retained his student status, if the business is unsuccessful to come back at any time. Entrepreneurial ventures are correct from the micro perspective, but in terms of social system design, we should reduce the risk of innovation and entrepreneurship.
The professional setting of a Chinese university is very specialized. When you study a major, almost all classes are related to this profession. I think it is necessary to break this situation. Chinese universities should develop more general education. However, the current education system requires students to decide their major at the age of 17 and different professions have different admission scores. This, I think, is also wrong.
In addition, I think we should give students more time and space for free activities. Holidays should be more.
"21st Century": Technology is expected to bring about a good change, but in the implementation there is no possibility of deviation? For example, there are problems such as low class completion rate and lack of capital favor in business model competition.
Huang Yasheng: In my opinion, part of education can be profitable, but most of the mainstream should also be non-profit. Until now, at least in the traditional American education system, the profit model has not been successful. Good universities are non-profit. For example, Admissions, one is Harvard, MIT's Edx, this is non-profit, and the other is Coursera from Stanford, is profitable. I think it is Edx, but it does not matter as a whole, we should let all kinds of models to fully compete, the quality of the final education, determined by competition.
If the completion rate of traditional education is very low, this is a problem, but the cost of online education is very low. If the completion rate is not 0, it is a social contribution, because these people could not have access to these courses before online education. of. In addition, there is a large base for students, and even if the completion rate is low, education coverage is expanded compared to traditional enrollment. In addition, those who did not complete the course also contacted the course and learned something.
"21st Century": The hidden subversive power of artificial intelligence also makes students anxious, because many occupations may be replaced by artificial intelligence. This poses a challenge for students how to choose a professional. How do you see this problem?
Huang Yasheng: Students should be taught to follow their own interests. Today we are all discussing: The era of artificial intelligence is coming. Doctors and lawyers will be replaced. What should we learn in the future? I think this question is very interesting, reflecting that artificial intelligence has increased our anxiety about the future. But can we think in other words, will artificial intelligence be a kind of human emancipation? That is to say, you can't figure out what your future is like anyway. Then learn according to your own interest.
Of course, there are very profound problems in the setting up of economic, social, and political systems. In terms of people, technology, and system, our current discussion is: Technology has been developed, the system has not changed, and people have adapted to it. In the future, can it become: Technology has developed, people still pursue their own ideals and interests, let the system Do you make adjustments?
People generally think that work and life are directly proportional to earn more money and you can enjoy a better life, but now some economists put forward Universal LivingWage, which refers to income that is out of touch with work. Is it possible to imagine a system in the future that separates the two, and why should the human contribution be permanently linked to his survival? Whether it can be achieved for the time being, but I think it is time to discuss this issue.
Innosilicon is a worldwide one-stop provider of high-speed mixed signal IPs and ASIC customization with leading market shares in Asian-Pacific market for 10 consecutive years. Its IP has enabled billions of SoC's to enter mass production, covering nodes from 180nm to 5nm across the world`s foundries including: GlobalFoundries, TSMC, Samsung, SMIC, UMC and others. Backed by its 14 years of technical expertise in developing cutting-edge IPs and ASIC products, Innosilicon has assisted our valued partners including AMD, Microchip and Microsoft to name but a few, in realizing their product goals.
Innosilicon team is fully devoted to providing the world's most advanced IP and ASIC technologies, and has achieved stellar results. In 2018, Innosilicon was the first in the world to reach mass production of the performance-leading GDDR6 interface in our cryptographic GPU product. In 2019, Innosilicon announced the availability of the HDMI v2.1 IP supporting 4K/8K displays as well as our 32Gbps SerDes PHY. In 2020, we launched the INNOLINK Chiplet which allows massive amounts of low-latency data to pass seamlessly between smaller chips as if they were all on the same bus. With a wide range of performance leading IP in multiple FinFET processes and 22nm planar processes all entering mass production, Innosilicon's remarkable innovation capabilities have been proven in fields such as: high-performance computing, high-bandwidth memory, encrypted computing, AI cloud computing, and low-power IoT.
Innosilicon Mining Machine:Innosilicon T2 Turbo 25T,Innosilicon T3+ 52T,Innosilicon T3 43T,Innosilicon T2 Terminator,Innosilicon T3 39T,Innosilicon T2 Turbo+ 32T
Innosilicon Mining Machine,T3 Pro Miner,T3 Pro Innosilicon,T3 Pro 67T Innosilicon
Shenzhen YLHM Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.sggminer.com